Influencing and Making Decisions

Question: Talk about the Influencing and Making Decisions. Answer: Presentation This report depends on the investigation of different models, techniques and procedures of the dynamic in the association which is taken by the director and top administration react to the different circumstances. In addition, it is additionally dissected that the dynamic apparatuses and styles encourages the director to the cautious assessment of the all the options in the successive way which produced the positive results for the association. Moreover, it likewise assesses the dynamic structure and scientific categorizations enlighten the administration concerning the impact of different circumstances and logical results of data at the hour of choice. Dynamic and its Process in Organizational Context It is a demonstration or procedure that any representative or chief consider the different options from the scope of choices and select the best other option or choice that is imperative to the association or individuals in the long haul. It is an essential piece of the advanced administration. Basically, Rational or trustworthy dynamic is a significant capacity to achieve the authoritative and administrative goals. Dynamic procedure is a significant procedure that connects the different exercises at various practical levels for compelling authoritative working (Xu, et al., 2011). Moreover, dynamic procedure causes the association to keep up and check the association framework that assists with keeping creates in both the bearings for example vertical and straight headings. The choices are taken in the organization to make the organization increasingly serious and accomplish the long and momentary objectives. To achieve these destinations organization faces the obstacles at the regulatory level and operational levels. To take care of these issues the extensive dynamic procedure is to be followed in the association to take care of the issues successfully and achieve the goals at every division level. Dynamic procedure is proceeding and dynamic supposing that one issue take care of the other issue emerges, etc. Beneath given are the essential advances is to be trailed by the association while taki ng significant choices (Ford and Richardson, 2013). Figure 1: (Umassd, 2017) Decision Making Process Above given procedure are the successive advances followed by the administration to take care of the regulatory and operational issues in a business setting. The whole procedure is the tedious however the results produce from this procedure is certain and supportive for business for its drawn out development. Dynamic Tools and Styles A dynamic apparatus is a significant strategy followed by the director and top administration to tackle the perplexing issues and take the best choice from the accessible other options. There is a scope of accessible dynamic devices utilized by the business as per the idea of the issue. Beneath given is the assessment of the a portion of the significant dynamic instruments (Arens, et al., 2012). A) Decision lattice device is utilized the director to assess all the choices of the business and put them on the table and rundown all the elements in a single section that influence the different other options. The supervisors put the scores and gauge which factor is increasingly imperative to consider. Figure 2: (Source: Bruce, 2011) Above given case of the café shows which is the most significant factor or issue in the eatery. It is distinguished that the Customer torment is a significant factor that scores high when contrasted with different components. It implies that the long holding up time in the eatery builds the client torment that will likely effect the generosity of the café in future. B) Cost-Benefit: This strategy is utilized by the director or top administration to survey the general expense and advantages of the association as far as budgetary point of view. For example in the creation division, there is the prerequisite of the 15 machines that can deliver the 70 units for each hour (Pettigrew, 2014). For this situation, the creation chief needs to break down the general expense of the machine, time spent on every unit and work occupied with creation. On the opposite side, the director likewise needs to examine the selling cost of the 70 units duplicated by the no of hours occupied with the creation and other immediate and roundabout expenses to find out the advantage from the specific machine. Based on different computations, the director can take a choice whether need to buy or not. Dynamic styles impact significantly the development of the authoritative execution in the long haul. It likewise impacts the exhibition of the group and their inspiration level. There are some significant kinds of dynamic styles which are trailed by the supervisor or top administration to tackle the issues viably (Lunenburg, 2011). Underneath given figure demonstrated a significant choice styles followed usually in the associations. Figure 3: (Source: Goetsch, and Davis, 2014) Types of Decision making styles a) Rational Decision-production style depends on the exhaustive hunt of the data and consistent assessment of options. b) Intuitive Decision-production style depends on the inclination and feelings related with the specific undertakings. c) The needy dynamic style depends on the guidance and bearing of others. In this style, chief needs the bearing or exhortation to choose the best option from the various choices. d) Avoidant dynamic style is described by endeavors to maintain a strategic distance from dynamic. e) Spontaneous dynamic style depends on the abrupt and imprudent choices taken by the supervisors and representatives as indicated by the circumstance (Vaiman, et al., 2012). According to the different choice styles recorded above in the figure, it is distinguished that the discerning dynamic style is proper for the association for long haul benefits. In this style, it gathers the suitable data for the association in a legitimate way. It decreases the odds of mistakes, vulnerabilities and presumptions. It lessens the danger of disappointment when contrasted with different styles. The methodology and choice procedure of this technique depends on the rationale data and information. Dynamic Methods Dynamic techniques help the executives to take choices as indicated by their accord. They required colleagues to talk about discussion and settle on a common end. The collective choice creation is the normal and significant technique to take choices while the issue is mind boggling, however it has its own disservices like it is a tedious procedure and more often than not representatives probably won't be clear about their jobs. On the off chance that the jobs are not satisfactory it will build the odds of contentions among them that would destroy their connections. In addition, on the opposite side, it appears that if more individuals are associated with dynamic which produces the more innovative thoughts with more data stream (Turban Sharda, and Delen, 2011). There are five techniques for dynamic are adjusted by the association is as per the following: 1) Brainstorming: This is the basic technique for taking care of the issue through gathering conversations. This technique causes the executives to arrive at the answer for the issue rapidly because of an end number of perspectives and thoughts of the various individuals. For example in the event that the administrator got the new e-learning venture in the association and they got the guidance to actualize this undertaking into the group. Assemble the group of various originators into the room and gather the various contributions of the creators and afterward takes an official choice (Ingram, et al., 2012). 2) Nominal Group Technique: This strategy is likewise valuable to take significant choices in the group. The group is separated into littler gatherings and most ideal thoughts are noted down in the bit of paper and encourage colleagues to cast a ballot the most ideal alternative or decision. The decision or option gets the most extreme reactions or vote is acknowledged as the collective choice. Proceeding with above model, the gathering of originators is partitioned into littler groups. Each individual from the group gives their thought and toward the end, every part votes in favor of the best one. Toward the end, the thought gets greatest reactions would be concluded. 3) Voting strategy: It begins with a series of casting a ballot where people make his choice for the shortlisted alternatives. Every individual gives the each vote in turn. The procedure is rehashed commonly if the most extreme number of votes is created for best alternative (Starcke and Brand, 2012). For example, from the above-given circumstance, each group of the planner proposed their system before other group and that group would decide in favor of the one they incline toward best and that would think about last. 4) Delphi Method: In this technique for dynamic the facilitator permits colleagues to present their thoughts without composing their names on the paper. Other colleagues don't have a clue about the proprietor of the thoughts. The supervisor or facilitator gathers their perspectives from various workers and flows them others for improving and adjust them and this procedure proceeds till an official choice is made. Thus, in the above model, the facilitator can gather the various procedures of the workers without uncovering their names and later the facilitator gathers the improved technique and chooses the best one (Proctor, 2014). These dynamic techniques are generally embraced in the association to complete the significant choices at each chain of command level of the association. Dynamic Models The dynamic models are quickly utilized by the associations because of the unpredictability and testing business condition in the past ongoing years. There a tremendous measure of information and calculations has opened the better approaches to improve the corporate presentation. There are two kinds of choice models are utilized in the association for example the discerning model (Classical model) and limited balanced model. In the levelheaded model, the administration or supervisor or chief takes the choice to

Yellow Brick Road

Yellow Brick Road by Witi Ihimaera Follow the yellow block street, Follow, follow, follow, Follow the yellow block street †¦ We're nearly there! Nearly at Wellington, the Emerald City! Me and Dad and Mum and Roha, we been going for two days now in our vehicle which Dad purchased from Mr Wallace a week ago. No gouges and sound blare goes the horn. Father, he said I could have a drive of it myself when we left Waituhi yet then it conked out on the Whareratas and that made him adjust his perspective. †I disclosed to you we wouldn't get to Wellington in this, Mum said to him while he was setting it up. †We'll arrive. Be that as it may, I need to arrive in one piece! Mum replied. †Throw a portion of your garbage out at that point, Dad advised her. Our vehicle sure is stacked down OK. Mum's stuff is in the boot, a few assets are tied under the canvas on the rooftop and there's even some crushed in here with us. Kid. Be that as it may, you won't conk out now, ay vehicle? There's only one slope to go and we'll be there. So up we go, up the slope, gradually. What's more, who cares if vehicles bank up behind us! They can blare all they like. We got as much option to be on this street as they got. Street, street, yellow block street, yellow with the headlights clearing across it.Just like in that book Miss Wright, my instructor, gave me before we left Waituhi. A slick book. About the misrepresentation, the tin man, the fearful lion and the Emerald City and †¦ we're nearly there! I skip here and there on the seat. I can hardly wait to see all the shimmering green towers sparkling in obscurity in front of us. †Matiu, you simply sit still! Mum snarls. What has happened to you, ay? †Sorry, Mum. Poor Mum. She's worn out and still despondent about leaving Waituhi, our whanau, our family. Her eyes are as yet red with the crying when all the individuals had waved farewell to us like little banners shuddering far away.At least she hasn't cried as regularly as Roha has for Hone however! Roha and Hone, they went round together and once I saw them having a pash. Eeee! I smile at my older sibling. It doesn't matter, Roha. Bounty different young men down. inWellington and you can pash up huge with them when we arrive, ay. †What you smiling for, Smarty? Roha snaps. †I'm permitted to smile in the event that I need to, right? I ask, abruptly hurt. †All right, OK, you don't need to shout. I make a clever face at her. It would show her a decent exercise if even the pakehas would not like to pash with her! Heaps of pakehas in Wellington. Dislike in Waituhi.Makes me frightened to consider it. †Dad, will the pakehas like us in Wellington? Father? He doesn't answer me since he is driving cautiously. He needs to lean forward to see the street before him. It has begun to rain. Wish I was more established and realized how to drive better. At that point I could give him a rest in the driver's seat. I press against him and he puts an arm round me. His face looks drained, much the same as it looked when we were strolling to a carport yesterday after our vehicle came up short on petroleum. There we were, miles from anyplace, strolling along the street while many vehicles sped past us ceaselessly. Some of them boomed noisily at us.Others made a ton of residue come over us. What's more, consistently as they passed the appearances would be thinking back and gazing at us. I felt bewildered. †Why don't they stop, Dad? He had shrugged his shoulders. †We're in an alternate nation now, child. I started to loathe those appearances. I needed to toss stones at them all. In any case, things will be distinctive when we get to Wellington, won't the? What's more, we will be upbeat, won't we? Course we will. You simply sit back and watch, Dad. We'll rake in some serious cash and be rich as anything since Wellington is the place the cash is. Furthermore, you need to go where the cash is, ay Dad. No utilizatio n remaining in Waituhi and being poor constantly, ay.I recline in the seat and tunnel under the cover. It is getting cold and there is a draft getting through a gap in our vehicle. I feel my pack of lollies in my pocket. †You need one, Mum? You need one, Dad? Roha? I pass the pack to Roha and she takes two, the covetous thing. I put one in my mouth and check what's left. Seven. Kid, these are the dearest lollies I at any point purchased. At the point when we halted at the shop yesterday I gave the man thirty pennies and he didn't give me any change. At the point when I approached him for it, he revealed to me thirty pennies was how much these lollies cost. Be that as it may, he was lying. He was a cheat and he took my money.How would he like it on the off chance that somebody rooked him'? Also, these lollies smell, much the same as him. I watch the street as it bends ahead through the dim. Once in a while, there is a boisterous whoosh of a quick vehicle passing us. Those quick vehicles don't care for us. We're unreasonably delayed for them. Out of nowhere, I see two lights ahead like eyes scowling at us. The eyes open more extensive, develop bigger, resembling the eyes of a†¦ †Dad! I shout, apprehensive. A major truck drops on us with its front lamp bursting full. I appear to see taloned fingers contacting paw me. †Bloody heck, Dad murmurs. He turns. The vehicle kicks gravel.The truck roars past, shouting in the breeze. I take a gander at Mum. Her face is shaken. †I better keep both my hands on the wheel, Dad says. He lifts his arm from me and I feel out of nowhere alone. I start to consider Waituhi, our whanau, and that makes me pitiful. All our family was there and Emere was our cow. Haere ra, Emere. Furthermore, haere ra to you, e Hemi. You'll generally be my best mate. I begin murmuring to myself. Discreetly. †Follow the yellow block street, follow, follow, follow†¦ Miss Wright, she instructed us that tune at school. A pe rfect melody. We made a long queue, joined by our hands, and moved insane examples over the play area and†¦There is a snapping sound and the fluttering of canvas. †What's that, Dad? He pulls the vehicle over to the roadside and steps out. Mum breezes down her window. †What's off-base? †Rope's snapped, he shouts back. †You better get out and help your dad, Mum says to me. I leap out into the downpour. Kid, it's certain wet and cold around here. Father is battling in the breeze to pull the canvas back over our possessions. †All this garbage! Father murmurs. No big surprise the canvas left away. He takes a crate from the top and dumps it out and about. My books spill out and the pages fly away like winged animals in the breeze. †Dad. No, Dad†¦I run out into the street in alarm in light of the fact that those are my textbooks and among them is my best book. My best book. †Matiu! Get off the street! Mum shouts. My best book. In the breeze and the downpour. My best book. †Matiu. Also, there it is. Lying there out and about. I hurry to get it and vehicle brakes shout in my ears. In any case, I have it in my arms and hold it safe to me. What's more, I couldn't care less in the event that I get a stowing away. I don't care†¦ Mum hits me exceptionally hard. - What you need to do that for, you dumb child. In any case, I couldn't care less. I don't care†¦ And the driver of the other vehicle is stating irate words to Dad: †What the wicked damnation do you believe you're doing, eh'?Letting your child run out that way, what's going on with you! See, never mind about wicked contending. Christ, you shouldn't be out and about by any stretch of the imagination. Your vehicle's ridiculous hazardous stacked that way. What's more, why the hellfire didn't you pull further off the street, eh? Gracious, what's the utilization. You Maoris are no different. Stupid bleeding horis. He ventures once more into his vehicle and t hunders off. Father comes towards me and his face is loaded with outrage. Proceed, Dad. Hit me. I merit it. Be that as it may, he doesn't. Rather, he embraces me and asks: †You good, child? †Yes, Dad. I'm grieved, Dad. That man†¦ †That jerk. Never mind about him. I grip my book tightly.I convey it into the vehicle with me. Mum begins to blow up with me once more. Tuni, lady, Dad says. It's everything over at this point. How about we overlook it. †It wouldn't have occurred on the off chance that you'd secured our things appropriately like Sam instructed you to do, Mum answers. Sam is my uncle and we remained at his place in Hastings the previous evening. Uncle Sam didn't realize we were headed to Wellington. †Down to that breezy place† he'd said. You fullas better secure yourselves or you'll be overwhelmed! Don't you realize how cool it is down there'? Sibling, it's fluid daylight all the all year! †We couldn't care less, I'd addressed him. We 're going to rake in some serious cash down there.Not much room left for dad living any longer. That is the thing that you stated, ay Dad. Father had taken a gander at me oddly. †No more employments back home, he told Uncle. A lot of the occasional work, truly, yet me and Hine had enough of that. We had enough of shearing, the organic product picking and the going down South to shear some more. No, a lot of work in Wellington. A lot of industrial facilities. †Who revealed to you that! Uncle grunted. †Jim, Dad replied. Uncle Jim is Dad's sibling. He lives in Petone and we're going to remain with him until we locate our own home. Uncle Sam had shrugged his shoulders.. †Well, Jim should know, he'd said. I need us to have a decent life, another beginning, Dad attempted to clarify. Another beginning for my children. Me and Hine, we've generally had nothing. Yet, my children? They will grow up with all the fixings. I'll battle for it, since they should have it. Yet, I' d seen Uncle Sam hadn't comprehended Dad's words. He'd basically shaken his head and wished us karma. What's more, in the first part of the prior day we left he'd advised Dad to secure the canvas tight. †Otherwise that breeze will get under it and before you know it you'll be flying into Wellington! Father had attempted his best with the ropes. He'd said to Mum: †How about disposing of a portion of this garbage, ay?She'd addressed him: †This garbage is all we've at any point had. I'm not discarding one bit of it, wind or no wind. It sure is blustery okay, outside the vehicle. The mists are hurrying in the night sky simply like the Winged Monkeys. The breeze groans and gabs and clucks among our possessions, and I should close my eyes and put my hands to my ears to close out the sights and hints of this night. At that point, unexpectedly, all the clamors stop. Indeed, even th

How has Lucozade persuaded its audience to buy the product essays

How has Lucozade convinced its crowd to purchase the item papers In the course of recent years Lucozade has changed its picture to showcase the item. Lucozade with its high sugar content shows up in both fluid and tablet structure, and it was initially made for individuals who were feeling sick. It started with only one unique beverage however today there is lemon, orange, blackcurrant, blended organic product, hydro and sport. In 1932, Beechams made Lucozade, which is usually known for making clinical items. In 1970 it was as yet a clinical item and was sold in scientific experts at a significant expense. Be that as it may, since 1970 both information and medications have improved. Today Lucozade is fundamentally utilized as a caffeinated drink, there are different items for caffeinated drinks however Lucozade has kept up a specialty in the market. The commercial selling Lucozade in 1970 is enticing from numerous points of view. The family is a genuinely cliché white collar class unit: the Mother center, high society lady, pleasant hair, garments and so on, the kid, uproarious, a lot of toys and the young lady has packs, embracing a doll and is commonly sweet. It starts with a kid in bed getting, Get well cards from his younger sibling, indicating that the young man is in reality sick. He at that point turns into the standard cliché kid being loud and playing on his drum. At the point when their Mother empties the Lucozade into a glass and says to her evil child, please boisterous, back to bed, he complies. This uncovers the kid having just excused his younger siblings card, which he thinks irrelevant, affirms of the Lucozade and anticipates that it should work. During this period, individuals would have anticipated that the dad should be busy working while the spouse remained at home and cared for the children, hence the dad is absent. The motivation behind why individuals reacted to this item is they believe they can identify with the story, the lower class imagine that on the off chance that they purchase that item, at that point they are becoming tied up with the entire tasteful picture. The presence of the Lucozade bottle is extremely jazzy. The outside is enclosed by cellophane with th... <!

Dennis the Menis movie report Essay -- essays research papers

Dennis the Menace Report In the film Dennis the Menace, there are a wide range old enough gatherings spoke to; youth, youthfulness, adulthood, and more seasoned adulthood. During adolescence, kids are lighthearted, valiant, garrulous, inquisitive, and energetic. In immaturity, teenagers are confronted with numerous significant obligations and choices. They begin to turn out to be progressively full grown and get intrigued by the other gender and sexual activities. At the point when you go into the adulthood and more seasoned adulthood world then you are confronted with a lot more choices and deterrents including; what work you will decide to accomplish for an incredible remainder and when or on the off chance that you are in any event, going to get hitched and start a family. Additionally, you should consider purchasing food, garments, a house, vehicle and different necessities or needs. Alongside each age bunch comes a few concerns. At the point when you are in the youth age gathering, things that appear to be enormous to you really are not too huge. For instance, when Dennis’ mother discloses to him he needs to go to Margaret’s house while she goes to work all late spring, he acts like it is the apocalypse. In the youthful age bunch things get somewhat more upsetting. A few things that are unpleasant for the young people are keeping up their evaluations since school has gotten more diligently, finding a new line of work, making the group, and things like that. With the adulthood and more seasoned adulthood age bunch comes the acknowledgment of necessities expected to simply get by in light of the fact that it is simply the first occasion when you are supporting. Over the long haul you ge...

Business Excellence at Emirates Airlines - 1375 Words

Business Excellence at Emirates Airlines (Research Paper Sample) Content: Business Excellence at Emirates AirlinesCourse code:Name:Student number:Date of submission: Summary Established in the year 1885, Emirates Airlines has become one of the household names, across the Middle East and globally. In the recent years the company has seen a lot of growth, relative to the successful business model. The company has applied some of the most revolutionary strategies to rise to its current status in the industry. Currently the airline manages more than 3000 flights every week. This is relative to the fact that flies it planes to more than 78 countries across the globe within more than 142 cities. Due to its revolutionary services and quality of operations it has received a myriad of national and international awards and accreditation.Introduction Started in the year 1985, the Emirates Airlines is the leading carriers in the Middles East and a top airline globally. With emphasis on passengers and cargo, the airline has continued to grow beyond most of the worlds biggest airlines that have been around much longer. Over the years, the company has risen through the ranks to join the leaders in the industry (Emirates, 2014). Over the course of the rise, the company has employed conventional and revolutionary strategies to ascertain it position in the industry. Despite the fact that some of the leaders in the industry across Europe have raised concerns over the revolutionary nature of the company and business model, the company continues to receive accreditation awards of excellence stamping it authority and influence in the industry. This paper brings out the Quality Management strategies on a Business Excellence Model that has seen the company rise to in the industry. Background It is owned by the government of Dubai under the Dubai investment corporation of Dubai. Currently the airlines prides in providing the best services in the Middle East, with over 3000 flights every week, travelling to more than 78 countries across the gl obe within more than 142 cities globally (Emirates, 2014). The Emirates Airlines is managed under the Emirates Group, which also handles Dnata, which is an aviation company that carries out ground handling. Over the years, the company has built one of the biggest brands in the world, much of which can be attributed to the companys commitment to excellent services, revolutionary growth in the airline industry and consistence in profitability. It has redefined the industry for quite sometime, bringing in some fundamental improved baselines for the rest of the industry players to follow (Emirates, 2014). Literature Review Business Excellence Model The business excellence model, is the backbone of all the revolutionary developments and growth that the company has seen and more so the influence in the industry. Using a business excellence model that focuses on visionary leadership, customer satisfaction, valued workforce, personal learning, and redefinition of the future through innovati ons and a sober perspective on social responsibility, the company has risen to the top. It is a model that has been embedded in the culture of the firm observed throughout the chain of command in a holistic manner.All the strategies adopted by the company this far, relates to the key aspects of a business excellence model which are leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, measurement, knowledge management, analysis, workforce focus, operations focus and the results. The rationale for this business report is to establish some of the key milestones that the airline has made over the course of rise and how its current business excellence model has aided in its ascend within the industry. The company prides in more than 500 international and national awards of excellence, but this has not stopped the company from breaking down the norms that have been held previously by other players, disturbing the status quo. As recent as last year in 2013, the airline received an award from Sk ytrax, rating it as the worlds Best Airline of the year (Emirates, 2014).The excellence business model used by the company allows for measurable goals and performance overtime, with a key emphasis on results. The airlines embraces a business excellence model that has strong pillars in technology, lean staffing while at the same time the business structure is flat. Majority of the staff are sourced from India and Pakistan and due to the fact that there arent any staff unions, there is plenty of staff to peak from at lower staffing costs. Although it is large company, it is able to minimize the operational and overhead costs and operate as a small airline. The airline has been at the forefront of integrating its operation with technology making the service delivery smooth and unmatched in the industry (Emirates, 2014). The companys strategies rest on massive campaigns to market and advertise its services among them sponsoring European football teams and venturing into the mobile appli cations industry to offer clients seamless services everywhere (James, 2014). In the recent past, the airline started using the wide body planes such as the Boeing 777 and the A380s airbuses, to minimize the costs of operation; a move that has since yielded results. It is this liberal approach that has given the airline an advantageous leap into the top ten players of the industry. An aspects that has seen most of the key players in the industry among them; Air France, Heathrow, Frankfurt Airlines and Amsterdam among others citing foul play. Most of the companies that are aggrieved cite that they company may be receiving fuel subsides, referencing the fact that the company has been doing well even in light of the recent fuel crisis in pump prices (Emirates, 2014). Other major accusations are related to exemption or subsidies from local taxes, airport charges at the home airports and low costs of labor relative to its affiliation with the government and the local policies. These are allegations that the company has defended vehemently, even on its website under the business model tab, citing that biased competitive advantages would only cripple the national benefits and interests (Centreforaviation.com, 2014).Data collection All of the data presented has been collected from credible secondary sources among them airlines website which is rich with well organized information. At the same time some of the sources include airlines authorities that have information on the company and the industry at large.ISO Applications Among the various ISO certifications that the airline has applied for, it has been awarded the ISO 9001:2000, which relates to Quality Management Systems. This is an accreditation certificate that is awarded companies that are able to offer their client quality services with consistency, through quality management systems in operations (Asiatraveltips.com, 2014). Dnata, which is part of the Emirates Group, also received accreditation for ISO 14001E nvironmental Management System (Ameinfo.com, 2004). This is a certificate that recognizes the firms ability to offer services as per the environmentally, sound and sustainable requirements (Asiatraveltips.com, 2014). Dnata Airport Operations is the section of the emirates that offers the ground handling services. These are certificates the shows the commitment of the Emirates Airline management staff, to the course of offering quality services with assurances on satisfaction and sustainable environmental conservation. The airline has also been awarded the certificate for ISO 17025, for quality and safe food items offered to the clients onboard the planes.Awards National awards In 2013, the airlines received an award from Dubai Airports Health, Safety and Environment Excellence Awards, for being the most excellent choice with reference to safety for the stakeholders. The award titled; Overall Excellence in Safety for Stakeholder epitomizes the commitment of the company to its stakeho lders and their vision for the future of the company and the industry as well (Businessexcellence.gov.ae, 2014). The company has also been awarded a sporting certificate for the Emirates Flight Catering Cricket Team, which won during the 2013 inter-hotel competition organized and held in Dubai. The company has also received the Dubai Quality Award, which recognizes companies that maintain high standards and quality management systems in their operations. International awards The airline, in light of its revolutionary development has also received quite a number of international awards. In 2013, the company was named the best airline in the world. This year the airline has also received a number of awards. Among the recent international awards is the Caterer Middle East Awards which is was awarded in recognition for the best chief steward of the year to David DSouza. At the same awards, the airlines also received Pastry Chef of the Year 2014 Finalist - Yana Murashova. The company als o won the Aviation Industry Awards, as the Aviation Company of the year and the Aircraft Operator Award. It also emerged as the winner of several awards at ...

2019 Best Brightest Niko Stjepan Martinovic, Notre Dame (Mendoza)

Niko Stjepan Martinovic 2019 Best Brightest: Niko Stjepan Martinovic, Notre Dame (Mendoza) by: Jeff Schmitt on March 24, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 1,559 Views March 24, 2019Niko Stjepan MartinovicUniversity of Notre Dame, Mendoza College of Businessâ€Å"I am an anachronism. There are many other centuries I would’ve better belonged in.†Fun fact about yourself: I’m a dual citizen between the United States and Croatia. Another one is that Liam Neeson â€Å"threatened† me.Hometown: Huntington, New YorkHigh School: Locust Valley High SchoolMajor: FinanceMinor: N/AFavorite Business Course: Applied Investment Management (AIM) the course where a class of approximately 20 students manages a live portfolio of $15mm given to us by the University’s Endowment.Extracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles During College:Project Leader for Student International Business Council: GTCR LBO ProjectResident Assistant in Zahm HouseTour GuideHead of Student Innovation @ Innovation Park/Idea CenterCo-Founded two companies: both have since dissipatedWall Street ClubInvestment Club: Board MemberJapan ClubTable Tennis ClubMen’s Boxing ClubClub SoccerWhere have you interned during your college career? Goldman Sachs, IBD Real Estate Financing Group Summer Analyst, New York, NYValued various types of real estate assets, worked with credit team to evaluate if certain metrics met rating agency requirements, and consulted the capital markets desk on pricing to aid in negotiations with sponsors and brokers.Modeled out cash flows and rent roll using Argus files, made underwriting and market leasing assumptions, and projected normalized cash flows for various assets in various locations.Created and presented screening packs to internal managing directors during pipeline meetings.Built committee memo presentation for the financing of a data center asset portfolio that was presented group wide on deal closing.Greenvale Capital Management, Summer Intern, London, UKForensically analyzed, in French, the financial statements for a publicly traded European firm and developed thesis on shorting the stock.Presented findings to portfolio managers and the stock was shorted and subsequently traded down on press releases.Brigade Capital Management, LP, Investment Team Intern, New York, NYCreated DCF model on a slot-machine manufacturer and determined the company was undervalued relative to competitors.Consolidated a tear sheet, valuation spread, and made an investment recommendation on the company to portfolio managers.Built comparable company spread for both the auto-part and gaming industries to determine what EV/EBITDA multiples would be best to use in future valuation.Prepared tear sheet and FCF model on a PE firms’ acquisition of a leisure company and recommended purchase of the first lien term loan to CLO portfolio managers and investment committee.Solus Alternative Asset Management, LP, Investment Team Intern, New York, NYBuilt a fully circular, three financial statement model on Cenveo (CVO), a distressed printing and paper company.Presented a comparable company spread and tear sheet on the printing industry and CVO for portfolio managers.Prepared a DCF model made an investment recommendation on the company.Developed understanding of distressed/stressed and post-reorg equity investing by attending morning meetings, investor relations meetings, and client phone calls.Tegean Capital Management, LLC, Investment Team Intern, New York, NYPrepared tear sheets on financial institutions with a $10bn-$30bn market cap through due diligence and quantitative modeling.Created FCF model concerning the $3bn merger between PetSmart (incumbent) and Chewy.com (disruptor) and attended the roadshow.Presented tear sheet and models to Tegean CEO and gave investment recommendations.Where will you be working after graduation? Goldman Sachs, Analyst in the Real Estate Financing Group (NYC, New York)What company do you admire mos t? Disney! Ever since I was a child, this company was a part of my life. The magic of their films, their parks, and just their brand overall was enough to make me want to be an Imagineer for the longest time. The company started with the visionary Walt Disney making cartoons and today has turned into one of the most recognizable brands in the entire world. What can you possibly hate about that success and growth?What did you enjoy most about your business school? Notre Dame is a business school that encourages teamwork and community building. Everyone wants everyone else to succeed. It does not fall into the trap of being a cutthroat environment.What is the biggest lesson you gained from studying business? That business is not as easy as the media would make it out to be. It requires a substantial amount of know-how and foundational knowledge of certain core concepts. It is difficult to analyze a company, to grow a company, and to build one from the ground up. My education here has been humbling in that regard.What has surprised you most about majoring in business? I thought I would hate accounting. Turns out, it has informed every finance class I have since taken. It truly is the language of business and I even thought that quote was just classic business jargon, but it is the truth. Knowing accounting is the key to understanding the financial health and financial workings of a firm.â€Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be majoring in or studying†¦The Culinary Arts. Growing up in a European family food becomes the cornerstone of everyday life. At breakfast, you’re getting asked what you want for dinner. Food defines many childhoods for Europeans and it has influenced me so much that I still strongly consider moving into a career that is involved with the culinary arts. Combining business into it, would I like to own a restaurant(s) someday? The answer is ABSOLUTELY.Who most influenced your decision to pursue business in college? My brother Luka attended business school at Wharton one year ahead of me. I would constantly Facetime him and he would tell about the classes he was taking. In fact, I was originally an Economics and Math major at Notre Dame before these conversations. Luka was able to create a narrative which helped me realize that I was truly interested in the subject matter and scholarly discourse of an education in business.Which academic, extracurricular or personal achievement are you most proud of? I never thought I would graduate from Notre Dame saying that I entered a boxing tournament. Bengal Bouts is a boxing tournament held every year at Notre Dame. All the proceeds of the fundraiser and subsequent tournament go toward developing Holy Cross Schools (Kindergarten through College) and Healthcare facilities in Bangladesh. When I was a freshman, I said to myself that it would be a senior year bucket list item to enter the tournament. I put in 4 months of grueling preparation and discipline to g et to a level of fitness I never had before, and it was something I truly thought I would never be able to do. Needless to say, I am very proud of this achievement and accomplishment.Which classmate do you most admire? Christopher Skomra is one of the most intelligent people I have ever met. His knowledge of finance blows me away every time and it’s no surprise that he received the Frank Reilly Award, which is given to the best finance student of the AIM class. Regardless of GPA and academic standing, my answer wouldn’t change. He continues to push the boundary for what the â€Å"normal† knowledge/skill set is for an undergraduate student. He already has the know-how of a full-time employee of at least a year in my opinion, which in the finance world, is a lot of experience.Who would you most want to thank for your success? I am incredibly lucky for the family I have. My parents have sacrificed so much for me and my brother to receive the educations we have. We were not only expected to do our best but to push ourselves past that. My parents certainly instilled that quality of resilience and persistence into me and it has given me an identity that I plan to hold throughout my career and life. I hope I can be as good a parent someday.What are the top two items on your bucket list? Cook with Gordon RamsaySkydive in SwitzerlandWhat are your hobbies?CookingJazz Music (Playing and attending performances at Jazz Bars/Clubs)ViticultureJapanese CultureBoxingSkiingSoccerTennisWhat made Niko such an invaluable addition to the Class of 2019?â€Å"Niko Martinovic is a remarkable human being. I have known him since I had the pleasure of teaching him Corporate Financial Management during the fall of his sophomore year. He has a dazzling intellect, and a tremendous passion to help the underserved.Niko produced superhuman work in every phase of our course. He was always thoroughly prepared, participated very actively, regularly visited office hours to di scuss advanced concepts and interpretations, worked every optional problem and hundreds that were not assigned, and consistently completed assignments far in advance of course deadlines. The questions he asks in and out of class may be the most sophisticated I’ve ever received. And that includes conversations with top academics.But it is out of the classroom where Niko has most distinguished himself. He is the most positive and upbeat person I know, and his enthusiasm is contagious. The depth and breadth of his extracurricular activities are astonishing. He spearheads several of the university’s entrepreneurship programs, serves extensively in his dorm, boxes to provide education and healthcare for impoverished students in Bangladesh, is fluent in four languages, and is even an outstanding cook!He is also a superior athlete and DJ, and an accomplished jazz musician. And his performance in group work is astounding. He is an outstanding listener, and always inspires his group members to achieve beyond what they thought possible. Niko has redefined my perception of what one person can accomplish, and the impact he/she can have. And he’s only 21!   Wow. And he is always available, on immediate notice, to help.   At the end of last semester, my final exam was on a Thursday night. And with grades due only 72 hours later, I was in a panic when the need for an early Friday morning makeup exam suddenly materialized.   Who did we call very early that Friday morning, and awaken from a deep sleep to proctor the exam?   Niko Martinovic, because we knew he would deliver. And how did he respond?   â€Å"I’m happy to help. I’ll be right over. Which room?†Niko may also be the most articulate and persuasive individual I have ever spoken with. Five seconds into a discussion with him, the conversation has real depth. He is one of the very few students ever that when he approaches me in the hallway, my senses dramatically sharpen , because I know I will have to be at my best to meaningfully converse with him. He is also one of the very few students I call on for advice because I value his penetrating insight. On top of all of this Niko is the most delightful person imaginable. He’s stunningly polite and humble, has a fantastic sense of humor, and generates enormous respect from others. On a wide variety of topics, students from across the university seek him out for advice. He always uplifts them.   Students, staff and faculty are in awe of him.It would be a rare student who could match Niko’s prowess in any of eight major areas – scholarship, leadership, keenness of mind, integrity, congeniality, work ethic, humility and passion to serve humanity. Niko may be the most impressive person I’ve ever met.   He is an inspiration to all who know him. I can’t imagine a person who will do more good.†Carl Ackermann Nolan Professorship for Excellence in Undergraduate Instru ction Teaching Professor of Finance   Page 1 of 11

The Fox and the Hound in the Walt Disney Studios John...

John Lasseter, now the famous Chief Creative Officer of Pixar and Disney, overcame failures and mistakes like everyone else to get to where he is today. He was born and grew up in Los Angeles, California. He went to California Institute of Arts. After graduating from school, he began working for Walt Disney Company. Lasseter was eventually fired but found work at Lucasfilm Computer Graphics Group, which also ended in a short time. After failing to keep his jobs, he sought for something new. This was when he joined the Pixar Animation Studios along with Edwin Catmull and Steve Jobs. While attending school at the California Institute of Arts, Lasseter created two Student Academy Award- winning, black and white short films called Lady and the Lamp and Nitemare. These animated films were his first animated movies. After graduation, Lasseter worked on the heart-warming movie called The Fox and the Hound in the Walt Disney Studios. He eventually left Disney and started his own career by joining Pixar. In 1984 he decided to work at Pixar Animation Studios for a month but he stayed and never left its side since. This became the place for where he found the freedom to produce computer-animated works like he’s always wanted to. After several years working diligently on another short film called Tin Toy, he decided to release the movie in 1988 . This was the first fully computer animated, three-dimensional movie to give Lasseter an Oscar. Pixar and Disney Animation Studios eventually

Plant Physiology Biology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3956 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Biology Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction In the study of general biology, a number of fields such as plant anatomy, plant taxonomy, plant physiology, comparative ecosystems, comparative animal physiology, neurophysiology, physiological ecology, endocrinology, and principles of electronic instrumentation may be topics of interest. In this paper, the writer will discuss plant physiology. The paper contains the definition of plant physiology in different dimensions, notes related study fields that complement or overlap the topic and explains the branches (or specific study areas) in the topic, detailing examples of what is studied within each subtopic. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Plant Physiology Biology" essay for you Create order A general conclusion is given at the end of the presentation. An accompanying reference to the discussed topics is provided at the end of the paper. Definition of plant physiology Physiology has been defined as ‘the science of the normal functions and phenomena of living things. The current understanding of physiology crops from the works in Europe during the Renaissance interest in experimentation with animals. William Harvey (1628) who was a doctor to Charles I described the working of the heart in sparkling analyses after observations lead to the conclusion of experimental proof and functionality and which informs the importance of physiological analysis as ‘physiology. Physiology is based on hypothesis testing or functionality of given living phenomena. Harveys work also emphasized the natural relation between physiology and anatomy (structure of living things) which makes the understanding of the former easier. The successive meanings of ‘physiology are illustrated by instances of its use. Harris (1704) in Lexicon Technica describes physiology as part of medicine that teaches the constitution of the body so far as it is soun d, or in its Natural State; and endeavors to find Reasons for its Functions and Operations, by the Help of Anatomy and Natural Philosophy. Another definition by Huxley150 years later is clearer and closer to the current definition: ‘whereas that part of biological science which deals with form and structure is called Morphology; that which concerns itself with function is Physiology to make a distinction between structure and function in living organisms. From the foregoing, plant physiology can be described as that aspect of study that deals with the functioning of plants both microscopically and macroscopically. It assumes the system of understanding the functionality of plant life within itself, without it and within its immediate environment. The field of plant physiology relates closely to cell morphology which studies development, formation and structures of different species of plant, ecology, which studies the plant habitat, biochemistry which lumps all the biochemical activities of cells, and molecular processes inside the cell. All these fields interact or overlap in the study of plant physiology. The general field of plant physiology involves the study physical processes and chemicals that describe life and elucidates how they occur in plant. The study is at many levels that encompass various scales, time and sizes. The smallest scale is the molecular interactions that include the photosynthesis interaction in the leaves and diffusion of water in cells. Diffusion also happens for mineral and nutrients within the plants. In the large scale there are concepts of plant development, dormancy, seasonality and reproduction. Other major disciplines of plant physiology include phytopathology that studies diseases in plants and the study regarding biochemistry of plans, also called phytochemistry. Plant physiology as a unit is divided into many areas of research. Elementary study of plant physiology mainly concentrates on stom ata function, circadian rhythms, transpiration , respiration, environmental stress physiology, hormone function, photosynthesis, tropisms, photoperiodism, nastic movements, seed germination, dormancy, plant hormone functions, photomorphogenesis and plant nutrition. Branches of Plant Psychology The subtopics of plant physiology can safely take the forms of photochemistry, biological and chemical processes, internal cell, tissue and organ interaction within the plant, control and regulation of the internal functions (anatomy) and the response to external conditions and environmental changes (environmental physiology). In the following section, these branches of physiology will be discussed in details. Photochemistry refers to the chemical actions that take place within or without the cell. Plants are considered unique in their chemical reactions since as opposed to animals or other organisms, they have to produce chemical compounds to be used within the same plant. These chemicals are in the form of pigments or enzymes directly used within the plant. The functions of these chemicals are various. They may be used for defence against external interference from such quarters as herbivores or primary consumers and pathogens. This mechanism is advanced in plants beca use they are immobile. This, plants do through the production of tissue toxins and foul smells. Toxicity from plants is associated with plants alkaloids which have pharmacological effects on animals. The Christmas setta if eaten by dogs causes poisoning to them. Another plant in its fresh form, the wolfs bane (the Aconitum genus; Aconitum carmichaelli) has toxic aconite alkaloid that is known to kill wolves and causes tingling, nausea or numbness of tongue or vomiting if tasted by mouth. Some other plants also have secretions or chemical compounds that make them less digestible to animals. Plants also produce toxins to repel invasion form other plants or in instances of competition for similar nutrients. They produce secretions that are repellent thereby maintaining autonomy over competed for resources. The foul smell exhibited by other plants help to keep herbivores away. The rafflesia (Rafflesia arnoldii) of the Magnoliophyta division has flowers with distinctive smell of rotting flesh of animals to keep herbivores that are known not to eat flesh away. Toxins or smell can also be produced to guard against encroachment of disease causing organisms or to guard the plant from the effects of drought or unfavourable weather conditions. Enzyme or hormone secretion has been observed in the behaviour such as in preparation for dormancy for the seed, shedding of leaves for deciduous trees in preparation for dry conditions and withering in some plants are caused by chemical reactions in plants. Innate immune systems such as those of plants are known to repel pathogenic invasions. In an experiment, small protein secreted by strains of the fungus caused it to overcome two a tomatos disease- resistant genes. A third resistance gene, however, would target this suppressor protein, making the tomato plant fully immune to any form of fungal strain that produced the protein. With the right combination of resistance genes, tomatoes can overcome invasion of fungus despite the fungus molecular tricks. Attraction of possible pollinators for the furtherance of the species of plants is also employing the chemical reactions in plants. Some plants, during their reproduction cycles are known to produce very pleasant smells to attract insect which then help in pollination. An example is the night rose or the Aloysia triphylla that smell so to attract insects that symbiotically gain their nectar and help in pollination of their flowers. Photochemistry involves the understanding of the metabolic actions of compounds within the plant cells. Studies of these metabolic compounds have been successful through the use of extraction techniques, isolation processes, structural elucidation and chromatography. Modern approaches are numerous and thus expand the field for further studies. Plant cells vary so much from cells of other organisms. This necessitates different behaviour in order to perform their productive actions. Plants cells have cell walls that are rigid and thus restrict their shape as opposed to animal cells that have both cell walls and cell membranes. This is primarily responsible for plants immobility and limited flexibility. The internal cell structures vary according to specializations required of the plant to adapt to its life. For example, the cell vacuole is responsible for storage of cell food material, for intracellular digestion and storage and discharge of cell waste material. It also protects the cell and is also fundamental in endocytosis processes of the cell such as the regulation of the turgor pressure of the cell in response to cell fluid uptake. The chloroplast is responsible for photosynthesis within the cell and contains the sugars for the photosynthesis. It is also the manufacturer of food for the other organelles. The ribosome use genetic instructions form the Ribonucleic acid (RNA) to link amino acids in long chain polypeptides to form proteins. These plant protein s are very important in plant structures. Golgi complexes store packages and distribute proteins within the cell endoplasmic reticulum. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids while the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins. The plastid is found in the cytoplasm and possesses double membranes surroundings that depend on the environmental conditions of the parent plant and the plants adjustment to these conditions. They store molecules such as pigments which give the characteristic colours of flowers and fruits during plant reproduction. They also store photosynthetic products. The plant cell contains chlorophyll, pigments that are responsible for the manufacture of the plants own food. The cell physiology is such that the adaptations of different internal cell organelles are commensurate to the ability of the plant to live in a given environment. The cell structure thus plays a major role in plant adaptation. Plant cells are the smallest unit in building a special system of a plant life. Cells make up tissues that specialize in given plant functions. Tissues coordinate to form organs within the plant that respond to environmental needs as appropriate as is required of the plant. The specialization of difference types of plant cells such as the parenchyma cells, the collenchyma cells and the scherenchyma cells make it possible for plants to coordinate its functions in its habitat. The parenchyma cells are divided to storage cells for storing cell material, the photosynthetic chlorenchyma cells that are adapted to photosynthesis and transfer cells that are responsible for phloem loading functions of transfer of manufactured food within the plant. These cells have thin cell walls for mediation or simply passage of material from cell to cell. The collenchyma cells also have only one thin cell wall. They mature from the meristems of the plant tissues. The scherenchyma cells have strong sclereids and fibres made of lignin that provides mechanical support to the plant. This rigidity has also found value in discouraging herbivory. The tissue systems include the meristematic tissues- the xylem and the phloem as well as the epidermal cells of the external plant cells. The xylem is made up of cells specialized in uptake of minerals active transport. The phloem has a composition of cells mostly of the transfer cells. The epidermal cells are rigid and cuticular to prevent the loss of fluid and are also for protecting the inner weaker placid cells. All these systems focused to perform different function within the plant both chemically and physical. For example, the roots and the rhizoids help to hold the plant into position for vantage production of its food. For earth plants, the roots have the penetrative power while the aqueous plants have roots helpful in buoying them in place for mineral acquisition. The leaves are adapted to trap sunlight that is instrumental in photosynthetic proc ess of making food. The leaf structure is such that it is adapted to the habitat of the plant. The position of the stomata in the leaves, for example, is atop and not under the leaf to regulate the flow of gases. The specialized guard cell for the opening and closure of the stomata depicts just how the specialization befits the functionality of the cells, tissues and the plant organs. Plants also possess transport systems that rely on physical processes in absorption and use of nutrients, air and water within and without the plant. The absorption of minerals depends on a combination of diffusion and active transport that is regulated by the plant in its environment. The roots are developed to successfully execute this process. Up into the plant the uptake of minerals and water has a developed xylem system that relies on osmosis, diffusion and even active transport in tissues specially adapted to this function. The phloem system successfully executes the transport of manu facture food from the leaves and the stems to other parts of the pant body. The vascular tissues are just an indication of how these forms of interactions work for the benefit of the plant. Plants have internally developed mechanisms that coordinate responses. These mechanisms are developed on hormonal systems that are instrumental in the development and maturity of the plants. Examples of hormonal coordination in plants include reproduction in flowering plants, ripening of fruits and subsequent expulsion of the same from the mother plant and loss of leaves in response to impending drought or inadequacy of water, just to mention but a few. The ripening of fruits result from the reactions of the Brix acid in the fruit. The amount of the acid in the fruit determines its ripening. A gas called ethylene is usually created from a compound called methionine acid belonging to the amino group. The ethylene increases the intercellular levels of enzymes. The amylases hydrolyze starch into sugars while the pectinases hydrolyzes pectin that are responsible for the hardness of fruits while breaking down the green pigment with the colour turning to orange, red or yellow depending on the plant pigments. The process of ripening is related the degree of pollination such that properly pollinated fruits ripen during maturity while those not properly pollinated may have to be shed off before maturity Abscission in plants is associated with the hormone ethylene. It is believed that ethylene (and not abscisic acid as was previously thought), stimulates the process of abscission. It takes the forms of falling leaves of deciduous trees to conserve water, shedding mostly branches for reproduction purposes, abscission after fertilization, fruit drops to conserve sources or dropping of damaged leaves to conserve water and for photosynthetic efficiency Paradoxically, ecological physiology is on one hand a new field of learning in plant ecology while again, it is one of the oldest. Physiology of the Environmental is the favoured name of the sub-discipline among botanical physiologists. It however goes by other names in the field of applied sciences. It is more or less synonymous to eco-physiology, ecology of crops, agronomy and horticulture. The discipline overlaps with the field of ecology since the plants act in response to the surrounding. Ecological physiologists scrutinize plant reaction to factors that are physical such as radiation such as visible light and ultraviolet radiation from the sun, fire, wind and temperature, Of particular interest are water interactions and the stress of deficiency of water or inundation, exchange of gases with the ambient air as well as cycling of nitrogen and carbon nutrients. Ecological physiologists also analyse and examine plant reaction to biotic factors. This includes not only unfavourable relation, such as rivalry, parasitism, disease and herbivory, but also favourable interactions, suc h as pollination, symbiosis, and mutualism. Plants react to environmental changes in a very fantastic way. These reactions are only comparable to the homeostatic processes hitherto experienced splendidly in animals. Environmental changes may impact the plants either positives or negatively and the plants have developed systems to change appropriately. It is however, important to note that environmental variations may sometimes be too extreme to be avoided by plants leading to their demise or possible extinction. This may be understood well in topics such as evolution or more specifically, the ecological succession. Plants respond to stresses from loss of water in their habitats. Since they are usually stationery, the water usually has to find the plant and not vice versa. An example is the wilting process associated with non woody plants or non-woody parts of woody plants. This process is a reaction to turgidity in non-lignified cells of the plant such that the plant lose s rigidity. This results from inadequate water. The process modifies the effective photosynthetic area of the leaf so that the angle of leaf exposed to the sun such that erectophile conditions are enhanced. This condition may result from drought, reduced soil moisture, increased salinity; saturated soils or a blockage of the vascular tissues of the plant by bacteria or fungi to cause clogging that deprives the leaves of water. Changes in the composition of the air are also another determinant of plant reaction to its environment. The greatest effect comes from the amount of water vapour in the air. The humidity of the air determines the rate of photosynthesis. Wind also plays a major role in actuating the rate of photosynthesis. Some substances are also toxic to photosynthetic plants. These therefore trigger varied response from plants. Plants act in response both to directional and non- directional stimuli like gravity or sunlight hence it is called â€Å"tropism†. A reaction to a non-directional stimulus, such as humidity or temperature is called a nastic movement. Tropisms in plants result from differential cell growth. This is where the cells on a single side of the plant become longer than those on the other side of the plant. This causes a bend toward with less growth. Most common tropisms experienced in plants include autotropism, that signifies a bed towards a side where light comes from. This allows the plant to maximize on its absorption of the much needed light or to allow the plant to receive associated heat from the source of light. Geotropism is the reaction of the roots of a plant to gravitational pull that reacts on all substances. This growth is usually downward towards the earth enables the plant roots to grow downwards due to direction of gravity. Tropism is a direct influence of hormonal communication within a plant. Nastic movements on the contrary are reactions from the influence of turgor pressure and ma y occur within a short period of time. A good example is the thigmonasty reaction that is a reaction of a carnivorous plant or yet still the Venus fly trap that react to touch to trap insects that acts as their food. Mechanisms used here are a network of blades with sensitive trigger thin hairs that shut closed and traps the invader instantly. This is done for additional nutrient. The leaf has to grow slowly between successive catches and readjust before the next catch. Another recent and most important area of ecological physiology is the study the way plants resist or cope with these diseases in them. Plants, just like animals and other organism are susceptible to a host of pathogenic organism such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. The morphology of plants differed from that of animal. This implies that their reaction to diseases also vary greatly. Plants may react to an invasion only by shedding their leaves. Animals however have to obtain either innate immunity or tackl e the intrusion through other antibodies. Diseases organisms affecting plants also vary from those causing that cause disease to animals. Plants cannot usually spread diseases because of their immobile nature thus physical contact infections are rarely the case. Their pathogens thus usually spread through spores or are transmitted by animals that act as vectors. Plant habitat and competitive environmental conditions also necessitate readjustments in plants. Competition for nutrients due to encroaching competitors may force the plant to change its morphology or other aspects of plant functionality. Many phototrophic plants use a photoreceptor protein such as phytochrome or cryptochrome to sense changes in seasons, changes in length of day and take to allow them to flower. In a broader sense, phototropic plants can be grouped into short, long or neutral day plants. When the day extends past the critical period such that night is shorter that day the long day plant flow ers. The plants generally flower during spring or in the early summer with longer days approaching. Short day plants flower when the day is shorter than a standard or critical length. This is when the night is longer than a critical length. The plants generally flower during late summer or during fall when the shorter days are approaching. Scientist concur that the night length and not that of day controls the pattern of flowering. Thus flowering in a longer day plant is necessitated by shorter nights which mean longer days. The opposite is true; short day plants will flower when the nights get longer than the critical duration of day. This has been done by using night break experiments. For instance, a long night (long day) will not flower if a pulse of say 10 minutes of artificial beam of light is shone at it during midnight. This occurrence is not possible with natural light such as the moon in the night, fire flies or even lighting since the light from these light sourc es are not sufficiently intense to help trigger the response. Day neutral plants are not affected by photoperiodism. They always flower regardless of the presence of light or absence of the same, the length of light in day or night variations. Some have adapted to use temperature instead of light. Long or short day plants will have their flowering enhanced or interfered with inn the presence of variations in length of day or night. They will however flower in sub optimal or half day lengths and temperature is a likely effect to their flowering time. Contemporary biologists believe that it is the happenstance of the active kinds of phytochrome or cryptochrome, resulting from the light during daytime, with the sync of the circadian clock that enables plants to determine the duration of the night. Other occurrences of photoperiodism in plants are like the growth of stems or roots within some seasons or the loss of plant leaves at other seasons. Transpiration and stomata a ctions also greatly affect the plant in almost all the cited circumstances above. Transpiration in plants is the process by which evaporation of water molecules usually through the leaves but also takes place from flowers, roots and even stems. The stomata are the major site for transpiration. The opening of the stomata is a regulated process through the stomata guard cells and the process of water loss may be considered both unfortunate and necessary. The stomata open to allow the diffusion of the photosynthetic gas, carbon dioxide and allows out oxygen. Transpiration has a dual action of cooling the plant in excessive heating and will also aid the loss of unwanted water within the plant system. It also enables the mass flow of mineral nutrients that is aided by the flow of plant water. This is a hydrostatic process that thrives on diffusion of water out of the stomata. The rate of transpiration is directly affected by the rate of stomata opening. The evaporation demand of the atmosphere is also another factor that influences the release of water. Humid conditions dont favour evapotranspiration. Wind also enhances this rate. The amount of water through the process also depends on the individual plant size, the surrounding intensity of light the ambient temperature, soil water supply and the soil temperature. Genetic, physical and chemical factors affects all the environmental responses, internal cell functions and external adjustments. The plant functioning is a complex that embraces all the aspects of botanical science and one cannot be studied alone in isolation. All the functions may vary from one plant to another depending on the cell morphology, anatomy or ecological niche but essentially, for all photosynthetic plant, the general functions are read along similar lines. Deviations may occur as a result of evolutional characteristics or adaptations. These deviations, however, have not deterred the organization of the study of plant physiology. Research on physiology of plants is still developing and a great understanding of the topic is essential if it is approached from all aspects of the study of Biology as a discipline and may call for inclusion of other disciplines. Bibliography Hodgkin, Atmourserg, The Pursuit of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Boyd, Claver. The logic of life: Challenge of Integrative Physiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Robinson, Trevor. The Organic Constituents of Higher Plants, Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing, 1963. 183. Fosket, Donald. Germination of Plant.A Molecular Approach. San Diego: Academic Press 1994, 498-509.

Basic Accounting Syllabus - 1024 Words

Course Syllabus Basic Accounting School Year 2011-2012 First Semester I. CATALOGUE COURSE DESCRIPTION A. Course Code and No.: ACCTG 1 B. Course Title: Basic Accounting C. Course Description: Basic accounting introduces the importance of accounting and also the basic steps and techniques used. The material covered will also include coverage of the principles and procedures of the accounting cycle for a sole proprietorship and merchandising organizations. General-purpose financial statements will be reviewed, including the Income Statement, Statement of Equity, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flow, and Bank reconciliation. Other topics such as depreciation, inventory, and ratio analysis will be†¦show more content†¦TEACHING STRATEGIES a. Discussion d. Quizzes b. Board Works e. Exams c. Assignments VI. COURSE OUTLINE/CONTENT a. CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Accounting: What is Accounting? Lecture Hours a. Definition of accounting and its relevance 0.5 to business establishments b. Kinds and Forms of Business Establishments 0.5 c. Accounting Information and it’s users 1.0 d. Bookkeeping VS Accounting VS Auditing 0.5 b. CHAPTER 2: Accounting Concepts and Principles a. Underlying Accounting Concepts or Assumptions 0.5 b. Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting 0.5 c. Basic Financial Statements, Their Relationships 0.5 and Their Elements d. Definition, Classification and Examples of Accounts 1.0 c. CHAPTER 3: Accounting Concepts and Principles a. Business Transactions and Events 0.5 b. The Basic and Expanded Accounting Equation 0.5 c. Business Transaction and Accounting Equation 0.5 d. Aspects of Accounting 1.0 e. Summary of Business Activities 0.5 d. CHAPTER 4: Recording Business Transactions a. Recording Systems 1.5 b. The Accounts and Book of Accounts 1.5 c. The rules of Debit and Credit 0.5 d. 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The Medical Code Of Ethics And Behavior Essay - 1237 Words

Since ancient times, the medical profession has been considered as the sufficiently important and relevant element in the public life. Approximately a century ago, somatology was not so widespread and prestigious. However, nowadays, it takes a significant place in the modern medicine. Modern dental assistant is the person who dedicates his knowledge and skills, because the medicine is constantly progressing. Besides skills and knowledge, the ability to find a way to a patient and follow the rules of morality is an inevitable part of this occupation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine contribution which can be done to the work of a dental assistants by describing the medical code of ethics and behavior and on their basis establish the personal contribution to the profession. Medical activity is regarded to be one of the difficult professions. The person who has devoted oneself to medicine, of course, should possess a vocation to it. The desire to help another human being has always been considered as a useful feature of an individual. When these personality traits are becoming a necessity, it can be assumed that a person has the main prerequisites for successful mastery of the medical profession. One of the key requirements of medical ethics is the ability to develop the humane treatment of the patient’s personality and show a high sense of responsibility for their actions. Thus, the dental assistant is required not only to provide an effective medicalShow MoreRelatedMerriem Webster Dictionary Defines Ethics As The Principles915 Words   |  4 PagesMerriem Webster Dictionary defines ethics as the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group; a guiding philosophy (Ethic). Moral concepts governing a groups behavior cannot â€Å"be e xamined and understood apart from their history (MacIntyre, 1). Behavior that is seen as good and bad is depicted in ancient literature and poems. 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The Caretaker by Pinter A Play Can Be Confrontati Essay Example For Students

The Caretaker by Pinter: A Play Can Be Confrontati Essay onal, Challenging andDisturbing to the Values and Assumptions of An Audience. Discuss With closeReferenceThe Caretaker, written by the British playwright Harold Pinter in the late1950s and early 1960s disrupts the audiences perceptions of existence andtheir understandings of it. The play deconstructs perceived notions andconceptions of reality, and disturbs the audiences perception of their ownidentity and place within a world which is primarily concerned with the searchand need for identity. Pinter was clearly influenced by the fashionablephilosophic review of human condition that was prominent in the 1950s and1960s existentialism. The play attacks the notion that there are no absolutetruths or realities. Pinter is therefore concerned with what exists as unknownand intangible to humanity. His theatre interrogates the truth of nature andrealities of language and demonstrates that much of what the audience regards asfact is fiction as he explores the uncertainty of human existence. When an audience of the 1960s went to the theatre, it can generally be assumedthat they had preconceived ideas about what they expected and what they aregoing to gain from the theatrical experience. The traditional attitudes towardstheatre and the conventions of realist drama are disrupted by Pinter. Thisconfronts the assumptions and values of the audience, an experience which wouldbe disconcerting and frightening to many. Pinter divorces and exposes societys codes, institutions and human relations. Throughout the play the audience is rarely comfortable. This disruption isestablished from the outset of the play when Mick, a character who at this stageof the play the audience knows nothing about, sits on the bed and stares at theaudience in silence for 30 seconds. Traditionally in realist drama such asHenrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler characters use simple exposition through languageand non-verbal elements to let the audience in and enlighten them on what ishappening on the stage and the results and reasons for and behind actions. Pinter disrupts this tradition and this in itself would have been a disturbingphenomena to the conservative audiences of post-war Britain. Micks arrival onstage generates unease within the audience and the tension would only increaseas Pinter provides the audience with no explanation for him being there. Mickleaves the stage in a state of maintained silence, hence the first imagespresented in the play confront many of the assumptions of a traditionaltheatrical experience. Mick is alone in the room, sitting on the bed. He wears a leather jacket Heslowly looks about the room, looking at each object in turn. He looks up at theceiling, and stares at the bucket Silence for thirty seconds. Mick turns hishead. He stands, moves silently to the door, goes out, and closes the doorquietly. It is not until the Act two that this character becomes known to the audience asMick. This deferral of information is quite confrontational as it opposesaccepted and naturalised preconceptions of power and right. Micks position onthe bed and his costuming wearing a leather jacket places him in thetraditionally accepted position of power. However this idea is problematisedwhen Mick leaves the room and Aston enters with the key, thus demonstrating theillusory and ambiguous nature of power. Mick not re-entering until later in theplay confronts traditional notion that as he was introduced first, he is in aposition of power. The opening scene defamiliarises the Audience withtraditional notions of power and establishes a precedent for the remainder ofthe play. Pinter does not adhere to the accepted use of dramatic conventions. There is notraditional relation of character histories within the opening scenes and lackof revelation is maintained throughout the play as relatively little is exposedabout the characters backgrounds. This makes events within the room conditionalphenomena, which are dependent on the individuals involved and what the audienceis able to interpret. Reservoir Dogs EssayThe constant silences and pauses within characters conversation makes clear thesub-text of all human interaction. Pinter himself said that one way of lookingat speech is to say it is a constant stratagem to cover silence this view andthe presentation of this view within the play would be very disturbing to anaudience, as it disrupts the traditional notions that language, the basis of allhuman interaction is one-layered and can be defined, classified and understood. The speech patterns of characters within The Caretaker helps to present theexistential viewpoint of problems of identity and classification. Daviesfrequent rhetorical questions pose the key existential questions of theuncertainty of existence. The character of Mick does not subscribe to societysconventional codes. His verbal gymnastics and the punctuation of verbalinterrogation with polite social conversation decontextualises ordinaryconversation. After attacking Davies, Mick says;MICK: You sleep here last night?DAVIES: YesMICK: Sleep Well?DAVIES: Yes. MICK: Im awfully glad. Its awfully nice to meet you. Pinter uses language as a shield, to mask truths and present perceived realitiesand to evade or disclose revelation. Traditionally language was not used in suchways and the deviation from the traditional and conservative by Pinter createsthe need within the audience to reassess and reposition themselves in terms ofthe language that they use and the meanings it does or can possibly generate. Action is frequently deferred within the play, and at the end of The Caretakerthere is no resolution or revelation and instead the audience is left withlimited insight and knowledge. Instead existence has been problematised, leavingmany of the audience disturbed and unsure of their own identity and thestructure of society. This deferral of action is primarily indicated by Daviesand Aston. The prime example of this is in Davies constant references to hisplanned trip to Sidcup and in Astons references to the shed that he is planningto build. Through the representation of these possible future activities, itappears that it gives purpose to their current actions and to some extent areason for living. It allows these characters to suggest that they are in factworthwhile human beings with a purpose and a life. Pinter suggests throughthis deferral of actions that peoples lives hold no worthwhile meaning andultimately there is nothing gained at the point of death. The Caretaker is a subversive play that demythologises many of an audiencesassumptions and values. Pinter makes the audience experience paranoia andfeelings of menace and by disrupting conventions of social behaviour andignoring traditional dramatic realist protocol, Pinter confronts andchallenges the values and assumptions of an audience. He successfullydeconstructs notions of power and security, and problematises the conservativebelief that there are in fact absolute truths and realities. Category: English

Unethical Behavior free essay sample

Ethics in business has been asserted to be the most important problem facing American companies today. The issue of unethical behavior has recently become the focus of media attention in wake of scandals in companies such as Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco International. (Chen and Tang, 2006). The organization is one of the biggest influences on ethics in the work place. Organizations do affect ethical behaviors. One of the main sources that affect behavior in organizations is the commitment of management to ethical practices and behavior. Such commitment can be communicated in a code of conduct or code of ethics document. . A code of ethics is a formal statement of values and ethical standards. The code of conduct document explicitly defines ethical and unethical behavior and therefore identifies the consequences of unethical practices. (Schemer horn, 2008, p. 42). Attitude Personal mindset According to Fritzsche, 2005, peers influence on ethical behavior. They are easily influenced to do what is done by their colleagues. We will write a custom essay sample on Unethical Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most theorists consider that the key responsibility of an embedded power group is to challenge the assumptions which comprise the groups own mindset. According to these commentators, power groups which fail to review or revise their mindsets with sufficient regularity cannot hold power indefinitely, as a single mindset is unlikely to possess the flexibility and adaptability needed to address all future events. Time theft According to Chen and Tang, 2006 Unethical behavior by employees includes things such as wasting company time, using company supplies for personal use, property theft, failing to whistle blow, illegitimately exchanging company resources for personal gain, and deceiving customers or clients. The prevalence of ethical misconduct in the workplace, there is a paucity of empirical research examining the antecedents of these behaviors. According to Christine A. Henle, Charlie L. Reeve and Virgina E. Pihs, 2010, stealing time at work, attitudes, social, pressure and perceived control as time theft. Time theft a common and costly from of ethical misconduct at work. Examples of time theft by employees is arriving late, leaving earlier from work schedule, taking additional or longer breaks than acceptable and on the job day-dreaming. It can impact on individuals in workplace who commit time theft such as less productive and may results in strained relationships with their supervisor and coworkers. Theft According to Jenna M Aker, 2009, Theft in the workplace is more common than you might realize and people are not talking about stolen lunches. Cash, computers, and even identities could be snatched from right under your nose and the results can be devastating. Common items stolen in an office environment include items of value, like iPods, PDAS, and laptops; items of convenience, like pens, envelopes, CD-Rs, and other Grapevine According to Diane Kuban, Kendra Coleman and Michael Baber, 2006, Unethical behavior conduct in office organization based on attitude is grapevine. Grapevine is known as  the informal transmission of information, gossip, or rumor from person to person or usually unrevealed source of confidential information and did not give any benefit to the company. But grapevine hold the strength to control office worker in the nature of power communication manager tend to compromise with person which have control over the grapevine because this person seems to be close with the other employees. Office gossip is often used by an individual to place them at a point where they can control the flow of information and therefore gain maximum advantage. Behavior of others According to Nancy K. Keith, 2009, unethical behavior is influence by behavior of other. It is about observing other behavior can cause unethical behavior because workers tend to emulate the action of other employee such as their manager. For example if their manager comes late to the work their subordinate may be influence to follow their manager behavior. Behavior in the workplace According to I. M Jawahar, Jennifer L. Kisamore and Thomas H. Stone, 2009, the researcher said that influence of unethical behavior conduct in organization is behavior in the work place such as cheating, absenteeism, and plagiarism. The employees always cheating for their own benefit and make the company lose with their behavior. TPB (the theory of planned behavior and academic) based on three like attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms (influence behavior of others) and perceived behavior control-prediction of a variety of human behaviors. TPB studies, measures attitude and belief about cheating and plagiarism is unethical behavior. Students consistently overestimated the likelihood that after students engaged in various academic misconduct behaviors compared with the frequencies students engaged in same behaviors. Personal background According to Betty J Brown, George A. Mundake and Melody W. Alexander, 2009 that personal background may influence unethical behavior conduct in organization. Personal ethical beliefs that have an impact on individuals behavior and decision making, setting with their beliefs shaped by past experience. Female have higher degree of ethical sophistication in recognizing the nuances of moral issues presented to them. Observation behavioral and perceive behaviors as acceptable or unacceptable according to their personal beliefs. Various researchers have defined ethics â€Å"Balachandran† as a code of rules, a set of principles one lives by or the study what is right or wrong. Job Dissatisfaction Distributive Justice According to Anne P. Hubbell and Rebecca M. Chory, 2005, organizational justice refers to perceptions of the fairness of workplace outcomes or a process has also been studied in relation to trust and is often considered an antecedent to trust. Research on trust in organizations show that it facilitates relationships, cooperation between individuals and organizations, organizational commitment and employees motivation to innovate. Focuses on employees attempts to alter inputs and to react towards the distributor of the outcome by altering their level of trust. Decreasing one’s trust also indicates dissatisfaction with the given relationship so that it better matches the perceived under rewards, benefits he/she received. Procedural justice is an individual’s perception of the fairness of the process components of the systems that regulates the distribution of resources. Individuals evaluate their relationships in terms of the contribution/inputs they make and the benefits/outcomes they receive and by comparing this ratio to the corresponding ratio of a comparison person or standard. According to Paulsen Et Al 2005, found that personal control is positively related to job satisfaction because can remaining threatening events in which gives rise to a sense of mustang and self-efficiency. According to Elovainio 2005, found that work time control has negatively related to sickness absence. Time control is positively related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Three basic components of organizational justice distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional. Distributive justice is fairness of the rewards and outcomes received and justice is perceived it rewards are proportioned to input. When high distributive justice is perceived there is a sense that first inputs determine one’s outcomes suca as salary increases and promotion-provides clarity to employees with regard to the outcome that they are likely to get and reduces the worry and uncertainty associated with exploitation and wastage of effort. Interactional justice is the fairness of the interpersonal threatens received. According to Claaessens, Eerde, Rude and Roe 2006, Role of supervisors in employees perceived time control is very important. Time control as primary dimension of job control Environment According to Nancy K. Keith, 2009, Unethical behavior conduct in office organization based on job dissatisfaction is environment. The researcher said after the employee being exposed to the ethical rule of the company, male worker tend to go and bend the rules but the female employees act nicely and follow the rules. Environments factors may affect unethical behavior conduct in office organizations through employees. Employers must provide good environment for their employees where their work is comfortable and conducive to the employees working in comfort to avoid unethical behavior. Performance Appraisal According to Anne P. Hubble and Rebecca M. Chory 2005, performance appraisal evaluation context seemed an appropriate one in which to conduct the present concerns about justice manifest themselves here and because they have become increasingly important in today’s organizational environment. Performance evaluation can operate as outcomes in and of themselves or a step through which administrative decision. According to T. T Selvarajan and Ron saddesai, 2010, Performance appraisal and schematic processing is people categorized other based on extend to which individual match the prototypical characteristics of a category and once people are categorized further information about others. Perceived Behavior Control According to Breda Sweeney, Don Arnold and Bernard pierce, 2010. The researchers said that influence unethical behavior in organization is perceived behavior control is to determined by control beliefs and based on previous experience, perceptions of obstacles and opportunities that could potentially affect performance of the behavior. Experience at work also influence in the job dissatisfaction. For example is an adaptor to the social environment in the work place included perceptions of injustice and based on personality characteristics. Organizational Politics According to Kirchmeyer 2005, career mentoring was related to higher levels of job satisfaction. Recent research on mentoring indicates that it associated with higher levels of career successes. It is likely that individuals who believe that they are supported by their supervisors and that they are successful in their work experience higher levels of job satisfaction. Create an open environment. Office politics are often fueled by insecurity, so try to keep employees well informed of internal news. Avoid closed-door meetings when possible as they can give rise to speculations so they can need open environment. Seek Integrity Just one unethical or dishonest worker can generate significant tension. During the hiring process, ask prospective employees references about the applicants ethics and honesty and at every opportunity emphasize to your staff the strong value workplace on these traits. According to George N. Gotsis and Zoe Kortezi 2010, Organizational politics also influence in job dissatisfaction is multi fact analytical construct often viewed and construct under very different ways. Organizations politics occur a desire to gain control over first environment and address organizational exigencies in look of organizational support and codified procedures. Politics is a perceived a form of anti social behavior other different aspects (blaming others and creating maintenance a favorable image through impression management, develop coalitions with powerful an influential person. According to Vigoda gadot and Dryzin Amit, 2010, Employees may view organizational politics as an indication of managerial leadership and malfunctioning and political behavior is supposed to damage or distort social interactions insofar as employees maybe hesitant in helping or supporting co-workers, fearing that voluntary activities of this type politically charge covert aggression is working showdowns that prevent the target from completing tasks, failing to warn target of impending danger, failing to transmit information needed by the target. According to anonymous organizational politics  is the use of ones individual or assigned  power  within an employing organization for the purpose of obtaining advantages beyond ones legitimate authority. Those advantages may include access to tangible assets, or intangible benefits such as  status  or pseudo-authority that influences the behavior of others. Both individuals and groups may engage in Office Politics.    Office politics also refers to the way co-workers act among each other. It can be either positive or negative. At the root of office politics is the issue of  manipulation  which can happen in any relationship where one or more of the parties involved use indirect means to achieve their goals. In the workplace, individuals have an incentive to achieve their goals at the expense of their colleagues, where resources are limited. Office politics has also been described as simply how power gets worked out on a practical, day-to-day basis. Office politics differs from office gossip in that people participating in office politics do so with the objective of gaining advantage, whereas gossip can be a purely social activity.