The Fox and the Hound in the Walt Disney Studios John...

John Lasseter, now the famous Chief Creative Officer of Pixar and Disney, overcame failures and mistakes like everyone else to get to where he is today. He was born and grew up in Los Angeles, California. He went to California Institute of Arts. After graduating from school, he began working for Walt Disney Company. Lasseter was eventually fired but found work at Lucasfilm Computer Graphics Group, which also ended in a short time. After failing to keep his jobs, he sought for something new. This was when he joined the Pixar Animation Studios along with Edwin Catmull and Steve Jobs. While attending school at the California Institute of Arts, Lasseter created two Student Academy Award- winning, black and white short films called Lady and the Lamp and Nitemare. These animated films were his first animated movies. After graduation, Lasseter worked on the heart-warming movie called The Fox and the Hound in the Walt Disney Studios. He eventually left Disney and started his own career by joining Pixar. In 1984 he decided to work at Pixar Animation Studios for a month but he stayed and never left its side since. This became the place for where he found the freedom to produce computer-animated works like he’s always wanted to. After several years working diligently on another short film called Tin Toy, he decided to release the movie in 1988 . This was the first fully computer animated, three-dimensional movie to give Lasseter an Oscar. Pixar and Disney Animation Studios eventually

Plant Physiology Biology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3956 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Biology Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction In the study of general biology, a number of fields such as plant anatomy, plant taxonomy, plant physiology, comparative ecosystems, comparative animal physiology, neurophysiology, physiological ecology, endocrinology, and principles of electronic instrumentation may be topics of interest. In this paper, the writer will discuss plant physiology. The paper contains the definition of plant physiology in different dimensions, notes related study fields that complement or overlap the topic and explains the branches (or specific study areas) in the topic, detailing examples of what is studied within each subtopic. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Plant Physiology Biology" essay for you Create order A general conclusion is given at the end of the presentation. An accompanying reference to the discussed topics is provided at the end of the paper. Definition of plant physiology Physiology has been defined as ‘the science of the normal functions and phenomena of living things. The current understanding of physiology crops from the works in Europe during the Renaissance interest in experimentation with animals. William Harvey (1628) who was a doctor to Charles I described the working of the heart in sparkling analyses after observations lead to the conclusion of experimental proof and functionality and which informs the importance of physiological analysis as ‘physiology. Physiology is based on hypothesis testing or functionality of given living phenomena. Harveys work also emphasized the natural relation between physiology and anatomy (structure of living things) which makes the understanding of the former easier. The successive meanings of ‘physiology are illustrated by instances of its use. Harris (1704) in Lexicon Technica describes physiology as part of medicine that teaches the constitution of the body so far as it is soun d, or in its Natural State; and endeavors to find Reasons for its Functions and Operations, by the Help of Anatomy and Natural Philosophy. Another definition by Huxley150 years later is clearer and closer to the current definition: ‘whereas that part of biological science which deals with form and structure is called Morphology; that which concerns itself with function is Physiology to make a distinction between structure and function in living organisms. From the foregoing, plant physiology can be described as that aspect of study that deals with the functioning of plants both microscopically and macroscopically. It assumes the system of understanding the functionality of plant life within itself, without it and within its immediate environment. The field of plant physiology relates closely to cell morphology which studies development, formation and structures of different species of plant, ecology, which studies the plant habitat, biochemistry which lumps all the biochemical activities of cells, and molecular processes inside the cell. All these fields interact or overlap in the study of plant physiology. The general field of plant physiology involves the study physical processes and chemicals that describe life and elucidates how they occur in plant. The study is at many levels that encompass various scales, time and sizes. The smallest scale is the molecular interactions that include the photosynthesis interaction in the leaves and diffusion of water in cells. Diffusion also happens for mineral and nutrients within the plants. In the large scale there are concepts of plant development, dormancy, seasonality and reproduction. Other major disciplines of plant physiology include phytopathology that studies diseases in plants and the study regarding biochemistry of plans, also called phytochemistry. Plant physiology as a unit is divided into many areas of research. Elementary study of plant physiology mainly concentrates on stom ata function, circadian rhythms, transpiration , respiration, environmental stress physiology, hormone function, photosynthesis, tropisms, photoperiodism, nastic movements, seed germination, dormancy, plant hormone functions, photomorphogenesis and plant nutrition. Branches of Plant Psychology The subtopics of plant physiology can safely take the forms of photochemistry, biological and chemical processes, internal cell, tissue and organ interaction within the plant, control and regulation of the internal functions (anatomy) and the response to external conditions and environmental changes (environmental physiology). In the following section, these branches of physiology will be discussed in details. Photochemistry refers to the chemical actions that take place within or without the cell. Plants are considered unique in their chemical reactions since as opposed to animals or other organisms, they have to produce chemical compounds to be used within the same plant. These chemicals are in the form of pigments or enzymes directly used within the plant. The functions of these chemicals are various. They may be used for defence against external interference from such quarters as herbivores or primary consumers and pathogens. This mechanism is advanced in plants beca use they are immobile. This, plants do through the production of tissue toxins and foul smells. Toxicity from plants is associated with plants alkaloids which have pharmacological effects on animals. The Christmas setta if eaten by dogs causes poisoning to them. Another plant in its fresh form, the wolfs bane (the Aconitum genus; Aconitum carmichaelli) has toxic aconite alkaloid that is known to kill wolves and causes tingling, nausea or numbness of tongue or vomiting if tasted by mouth. Some other plants also have secretions or chemical compounds that make them less digestible to animals. Plants also produce toxins to repel invasion form other plants or in instances of competition for similar nutrients. They produce secretions that are repellent thereby maintaining autonomy over competed for resources. The foul smell exhibited by other plants help to keep herbivores away. The rafflesia (Rafflesia arnoldii) of the Magnoliophyta division has flowers with distinctive smell of rotting flesh of animals to keep herbivores that are known not to eat flesh away. Toxins or smell can also be produced to guard against encroachment of disease causing organisms or to guard the plant from the effects of drought or unfavourable weather conditions. Enzyme or hormone secretion has been observed in the behaviour such as in preparation for dormancy for the seed, shedding of leaves for deciduous trees in preparation for dry conditions and withering in some plants are caused by chemical reactions in plants. Innate immune systems such as those of plants are known to repel pathogenic invasions. In an experiment, small protein secreted by strains of the fungus caused it to overcome two a tomatos disease- resistant genes. A third resistance gene, however, would target this suppressor protein, making the tomato plant fully immune to any form of fungal strain that produced the protein. With the right combination of resistance genes, tomatoes can overcome invasion of fungus despite the fungus molecular tricks. Attraction of possible pollinators for the furtherance of the species of plants is also employing the chemical reactions in plants. Some plants, during their reproduction cycles are known to produce very pleasant smells to attract insect which then help in pollination. An example is the night rose or the Aloysia triphylla that smell so to attract insects that symbiotically gain their nectar and help in pollination of their flowers. Photochemistry involves the understanding of the metabolic actions of compounds within the plant cells. Studies of these metabolic compounds have been successful through the use of extraction techniques, isolation processes, structural elucidation and chromatography. Modern approaches are numerous and thus expand the field for further studies. Plant cells vary so much from cells of other organisms. This necessitates different behaviour in order to perform their productive actions. Plants cells have cell walls that are rigid and thus restrict their shape as opposed to animal cells that have both cell walls and cell membranes. This is primarily responsible for plants immobility and limited flexibility. The internal cell structures vary according to specializations required of the plant to adapt to its life. For example, the cell vacuole is responsible for storage of cell food material, for intracellular digestion and storage and discharge of cell waste material. It also protects the cell and is also fundamental in endocytosis processes of the cell such as the regulation of the turgor pressure of the cell in response to cell fluid uptake. The chloroplast is responsible for photosynthesis within the cell and contains the sugars for the photosynthesis. It is also the manufacturer of food for the other organelles. The ribosome use genetic instructions form the Ribonucleic acid (RNA) to link amino acids in long chain polypeptides to form proteins. These plant protein s are very important in plant structures. Golgi complexes store packages and distribute proteins within the cell endoplasmic reticulum. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids while the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins. The plastid is found in the cytoplasm and possesses double membranes surroundings that depend on the environmental conditions of the parent plant and the plants adjustment to these conditions. They store molecules such as pigments which give the characteristic colours of flowers and fruits during plant reproduction. They also store photosynthetic products. The plant cell contains chlorophyll, pigments that are responsible for the manufacture of the plants own food. The cell physiology is such that the adaptations of different internal cell organelles are commensurate to the ability of the plant to live in a given environment. The cell structure thus plays a major role in plant adaptation. Plant cells are the smallest unit in building a special system of a plant life. Cells make up tissues that specialize in given plant functions. Tissues coordinate to form organs within the plant that respond to environmental needs as appropriate as is required of the plant. The specialization of difference types of plant cells such as the parenchyma cells, the collenchyma cells and the scherenchyma cells make it possible for plants to coordinate its functions in its habitat. The parenchyma cells are divided to storage cells for storing cell material, the photosynthetic chlorenchyma cells that are adapted to photosynthesis and transfer cells that are responsible for phloem loading functions of transfer of manufactured food within the plant. These cells have thin cell walls for mediation or simply passage of material from cell to cell. The collenchyma cells also have only one thin cell wall. They mature from the meristems of the plant tissues. The scherenchyma cells have strong sclereids and fibres made of lignin that provides mechanical support to the plant. This rigidity has also found value in discouraging herbivory. The tissue systems include the meristematic tissues- the xylem and the phloem as well as the epidermal cells of the external plant cells. The xylem is made up of cells specialized in uptake of minerals active transport. The phloem has a composition of cells mostly of the transfer cells. The epidermal cells are rigid and cuticular to prevent the loss of fluid and are also for protecting the inner weaker placid cells. All these systems focused to perform different function within the plant both chemically and physical. For example, the roots and the rhizoids help to hold the plant into position for vantage production of its food. For earth plants, the roots have the penetrative power while the aqueous plants have roots helpful in buoying them in place for mineral acquisition. The leaves are adapted to trap sunlight that is instrumental in photosynthetic proc ess of making food. The leaf structure is such that it is adapted to the habitat of the plant. The position of the stomata in the leaves, for example, is atop and not under the leaf to regulate the flow of gases. The specialized guard cell for the opening and closure of the stomata depicts just how the specialization befits the functionality of the cells, tissues and the plant organs. Plants also possess transport systems that rely on physical processes in absorption and use of nutrients, air and water within and without the plant. The absorption of minerals depends on a combination of diffusion and active transport that is regulated by the plant in its environment. The roots are developed to successfully execute this process. Up into the plant the uptake of minerals and water has a developed xylem system that relies on osmosis, diffusion and even active transport in tissues specially adapted to this function. The phloem system successfully executes the transport of manu facture food from the leaves and the stems to other parts of the pant body. The vascular tissues are just an indication of how these forms of interactions work for the benefit of the plant. Plants have internally developed mechanisms that coordinate responses. These mechanisms are developed on hormonal systems that are instrumental in the development and maturity of the plants. Examples of hormonal coordination in plants include reproduction in flowering plants, ripening of fruits and subsequent expulsion of the same from the mother plant and loss of leaves in response to impending drought or inadequacy of water, just to mention but a few. The ripening of fruits result from the reactions of the Brix acid in the fruit. The amount of the acid in the fruit determines its ripening. A gas called ethylene is usually created from a compound called methionine acid belonging to the amino group. The ethylene increases the intercellular levels of enzymes. The amylases hydrolyze starch into sugars while the pectinases hydrolyzes pectin that are responsible for the hardness of fruits while breaking down the green pigment with the colour turning to orange, red or yellow depending on the plant pigments. The process of ripening is related the degree of pollination such that properly pollinated fruits ripen during maturity while those not properly pollinated may have to be shed off before maturity Abscission in plants is associated with the hormone ethylene. It is believed that ethylene (and not abscisic acid as was previously thought), stimulates the process of abscission. It takes the forms of falling leaves of deciduous trees to conserve water, shedding mostly branches for reproduction purposes, abscission after fertilization, fruit drops to conserve sources or dropping of damaged leaves to conserve water and for photosynthetic efficiency Paradoxically, ecological physiology is on one hand a new field of learning in plant ecology while again, it is one of the oldest. Physiology of the Environmental is the favoured name of the sub-discipline among botanical physiologists. It however goes by other names in the field of applied sciences. It is more or less synonymous to eco-physiology, ecology of crops, agronomy and horticulture. The discipline overlaps with the field of ecology since the plants act in response to the surrounding. Ecological physiologists scrutinize plant reaction to factors that are physical such as radiation such as visible light and ultraviolet radiation from the sun, fire, wind and temperature, Of particular interest are water interactions and the stress of deficiency of water or inundation, exchange of gases with the ambient air as well as cycling of nitrogen and carbon nutrients. Ecological physiologists also analyse and examine plant reaction to biotic factors. This includes not only unfavourable relation, such as rivalry, parasitism, disease and herbivory, but also favourable interactions, suc h as pollination, symbiosis, and mutualism. Plants react to environmental changes in a very fantastic way. These reactions are only comparable to the homeostatic processes hitherto experienced splendidly in animals. Environmental changes may impact the plants either positives or negatively and the plants have developed systems to change appropriately. It is however, important to note that environmental variations may sometimes be too extreme to be avoided by plants leading to their demise or possible extinction. This may be understood well in topics such as evolution or more specifically, the ecological succession. Plants respond to stresses from loss of water in their habitats. Since they are usually stationery, the water usually has to find the plant and not vice versa. An example is the wilting process associated with non woody plants or non-woody parts of woody plants. This process is a reaction to turgidity in non-lignified cells of the plant such that the plant lose s rigidity. This results from inadequate water. The process modifies the effective photosynthetic area of the leaf so that the angle of leaf exposed to the sun such that erectophile conditions are enhanced. This condition may result from drought, reduced soil moisture, increased salinity; saturated soils or a blockage of the vascular tissues of the plant by bacteria or fungi to cause clogging that deprives the leaves of water. Changes in the composition of the air are also another determinant of plant reaction to its environment. The greatest effect comes from the amount of water vapour in the air. The humidity of the air determines the rate of photosynthesis. Wind also plays a major role in actuating the rate of photosynthesis. Some substances are also toxic to photosynthetic plants. These therefore trigger varied response from plants. Plants act in response both to directional and non- directional stimuli like gravity or sunlight hence it is called â€Å"tropism†. A reaction to a non-directional stimulus, such as humidity or temperature is called a nastic movement. Tropisms in plants result from differential cell growth. This is where the cells on a single side of the plant become longer than those on the other side of the plant. This causes a bend toward with less growth. Most common tropisms experienced in plants include autotropism, that signifies a bed towards a side where light comes from. This allows the plant to maximize on its absorption of the much needed light or to allow the plant to receive associated heat from the source of light. Geotropism is the reaction of the roots of a plant to gravitational pull that reacts on all substances. This growth is usually downward towards the earth enables the plant roots to grow downwards due to direction of gravity. Tropism is a direct influence of hormonal communication within a plant. Nastic movements on the contrary are reactions from the influence of turgor pressure and ma y occur within a short period of time. A good example is the thigmonasty reaction that is a reaction of a carnivorous plant or yet still the Venus fly trap that react to touch to trap insects that acts as their food. Mechanisms used here are a network of blades with sensitive trigger thin hairs that shut closed and traps the invader instantly. This is done for additional nutrient. The leaf has to grow slowly between successive catches and readjust before the next catch. Another recent and most important area of ecological physiology is the study the way plants resist or cope with these diseases in them. Plants, just like animals and other organism are susceptible to a host of pathogenic organism such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. The morphology of plants differed from that of animal. This implies that their reaction to diseases also vary greatly. Plants may react to an invasion only by shedding their leaves. Animals however have to obtain either innate immunity or tackl e the intrusion through other antibodies. Diseases organisms affecting plants also vary from those causing that cause disease to animals. Plants cannot usually spread diseases because of their immobile nature thus physical contact infections are rarely the case. Their pathogens thus usually spread through spores or are transmitted by animals that act as vectors. Plant habitat and competitive environmental conditions also necessitate readjustments in plants. Competition for nutrients due to encroaching competitors may force the plant to change its morphology or other aspects of plant functionality. Many phototrophic plants use a photoreceptor protein such as phytochrome or cryptochrome to sense changes in seasons, changes in length of day and take to allow them to flower. In a broader sense, phototropic plants can be grouped into short, long or neutral day plants. When the day extends past the critical period such that night is shorter that day the long day plant flow ers. The plants generally flower during spring or in the early summer with longer days approaching. Short day plants flower when the day is shorter than a standard or critical length. This is when the night is longer than a critical length. The plants generally flower during late summer or during fall when the shorter days are approaching. Scientist concur that the night length and not that of day controls the pattern of flowering. Thus flowering in a longer day plant is necessitated by shorter nights which mean longer days. The opposite is true; short day plants will flower when the nights get longer than the critical duration of day. This has been done by using night break experiments. For instance, a long night (long day) will not flower if a pulse of say 10 minutes of artificial beam of light is shone at it during midnight. This occurrence is not possible with natural light such as the moon in the night, fire flies or even lighting since the light from these light sourc es are not sufficiently intense to help trigger the response. Day neutral plants are not affected by photoperiodism. They always flower regardless of the presence of light or absence of the same, the length of light in day or night variations. Some have adapted to use temperature instead of light. Long or short day plants will have their flowering enhanced or interfered with inn the presence of variations in length of day or night. They will however flower in sub optimal or half day lengths and temperature is a likely effect to their flowering time. Contemporary biologists believe that it is the happenstance of the active kinds of phytochrome or cryptochrome, resulting from the light during daytime, with the sync of the circadian clock that enables plants to determine the duration of the night. Other occurrences of photoperiodism in plants are like the growth of stems or roots within some seasons or the loss of plant leaves at other seasons. Transpiration and stomata a ctions also greatly affect the plant in almost all the cited circumstances above. Transpiration in plants is the process by which evaporation of water molecules usually through the leaves but also takes place from flowers, roots and even stems. The stomata are the major site for transpiration. The opening of the stomata is a regulated process through the stomata guard cells and the process of water loss may be considered both unfortunate and necessary. The stomata open to allow the diffusion of the photosynthetic gas, carbon dioxide and allows out oxygen. Transpiration has a dual action of cooling the plant in excessive heating and will also aid the loss of unwanted water within the plant system. It also enables the mass flow of mineral nutrients that is aided by the flow of plant water. This is a hydrostatic process that thrives on diffusion of water out of the stomata. The rate of transpiration is directly affected by the rate of stomata opening. The evaporation demand of the atmosphere is also another factor that influences the release of water. Humid conditions dont favour evapotranspiration. Wind also enhances this rate. The amount of water through the process also depends on the individual plant size, the surrounding intensity of light the ambient temperature, soil water supply and the soil temperature. Genetic, physical and chemical factors affects all the environmental responses, internal cell functions and external adjustments. The plant functioning is a complex that embraces all the aspects of botanical science and one cannot be studied alone in isolation. All the functions may vary from one plant to another depending on the cell morphology, anatomy or ecological niche but essentially, for all photosynthetic plant, the general functions are read along similar lines. Deviations may occur as a result of evolutional characteristics or adaptations. These deviations, however, have not deterred the organization of the study of plant physiology. Research on physiology of plants is still developing and a great understanding of the topic is essential if it is approached from all aspects of the study of Biology as a discipline and may call for inclusion of other disciplines. Bibliography Hodgkin, Atmourserg, The Pursuit of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Boyd, Claver. The logic of life: Challenge of Integrative Physiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Robinson, Trevor. The Organic Constituents of Higher Plants, Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing, 1963. 183. Fosket, Donald. Germination of Plant.A Molecular Approach. San Diego: Academic Press 1994, 498-509.

Basic Accounting Syllabus - 1024 Words

Course Syllabus Basic Accounting School Year 2011-2012 First Semester I. CATALOGUE COURSE DESCRIPTION A. Course Code and No.: ACCTG 1 B. Course Title: Basic Accounting C. Course Description: Basic accounting introduces the importance of accounting and also the basic steps and techniques used. The material covered will also include coverage of the principles and procedures of the accounting cycle for a sole proprietorship and merchandising organizations. General-purpose financial statements will be reviewed, including the Income Statement, Statement of Equity, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flow, and Bank reconciliation. Other topics such as depreciation, inventory, and ratio analysis will be†¦show more content†¦TEACHING STRATEGIES a. Discussion d. Quizzes b. Board Works e. Exams c. Assignments VI. COURSE OUTLINE/CONTENT a. CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Accounting: What is Accounting? Lecture Hours a. Definition of accounting and its relevance 0.5 to business establishments b. Kinds and Forms of Business Establishments 0.5 c. Accounting Information and it’s users 1.0 d. Bookkeeping VS Accounting VS Auditing 0.5 b. CHAPTER 2: Accounting Concepts and Principles a. Underlying Accounting Concepts or Assumptions 0.5 b. Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting 0.5 c. Basic Financial Statements, Their Relationships 0.5 and Their Elements d. Definition, Classification and Examples of Accounts 1.0 c. CHAPTER 3: Accounting Concepts and Principles a. Business Transactions and Events 0.5 b. The Basic and Expanded Accounting Equation 0.5 c. Business Transaction and Accounting Equation 0.5 d. Aspects of Accounting 1.0 e. Summary of Business Activities 0.5 d. CHAPTER 4: Recording Business Transactions a. Recording Systems 1.5 b. The Accounts and Book of Accounts 1.5 c. The rules of Debit and Credit 0.5 d. Journalizing andShow MoreRelatedSan Francisco State University: Spring 2013 Course Syllabus1597 Words   |  7 PagesSpring 2013 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY Course Syllabus Course: ACCT 508- Federal Tax Accounting I Prerequisite: ACCT 301 with grade of C or better, or ACCT 303 with grade of C- or better. Professor: Tim Hurley, M.B.A., J.D., LL.M. Office: SCI 355 Office Hours: M 3:00-4:00, W 5:00-7:00, TH 6:00-7:00; by appointment Office Phone: E-mail: thurley@sfsu.edu Required Text: Hoffman amp; SmithRead MoreIca Gh Syslabus26672 Words   |  107 PagesPerformance Outcome of each part THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS (GHANA) Syllabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations ACCRA 2009 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana 1 Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations Contents Introduction Features and Inovations of the New Scheme Objectives and Expected Performance Outcomes of Each Part PART 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Financial Accounting Fundermentals Business Management Economics Management Information Systems PART 2 2.1Read MoreAccounting753 Words   |  4 PagesCampbellsville University School of Business and Economics SYLLABUS Course Title: ACC 601 Managerial Accounting Semester/Dates: Graduate Term 1: August 29, 2011 – October 23, 2011 (Traditional MBA) Meetings: Thursday (6:00 PM – 10:00 PM), AD 25 Faculty: Dr. Sunny Onyiri Office: AD 29-b Phone: (502) 365 4424 Read MoreEssay Topics.1738 Words   |  7 Pagesw w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs O LEVEL Business Studies – Scheme of work Course overview The aim of this Scheme of Work is to set out a progression through the Syllabus content, and to give ideas for activities, together with references to relevant Internet sites. om The Scheme is neither intended to be prescriptive, nor complete, as local conditions will vary: time and resource availabilities are likely to differ considerably. More, the Scheme is intended to give ideas to teachers uponRead MoreCct 300B. Intermediate Accounting . Course Information1686 Words   |  7 PagesCCT 300B INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING Course Information and Policies Spring 2017 Instructor: Hyeesoo (Sally) Chung, Ph.D. Office: CBA-411 Phone: (562) 985-5908 Email: hyeesoo.chung@csulb.edu Office Hours: TTH,12pm – 1:30pm; or by appointment. Class: TTH, 10am – 11:50am, Section 03, Call #6682, CBA-227 TTH, 2pm – 3:50pm, Section 04, Call #6683, CBA-218 Course Description: Accounting theory including recording, valuation, and statement presentation of assets, liabilities, capital, and earningsRead MoreA Brief Note On The Association Of Chartered Accountants1414 Words   |  6 Pagesis generally considers as their first aim to the colossal success of career in accountancy. By being qualified, students might be recognised and obtained more global opportunities in business career in such a competitive accounting industry. ACCA and CIMA are two standout accounting bodies which award people those qualifications. ACCA and CIMA have their own policies and operation systems. This essay will evaluate critically those together with comparing ACCA and CIMA in order to have deeper understandingRead MoreAcc 2901929 Words   |  8 Pages Course Syllabus ACC/290 Principles of Accounting I Course Start Date: 06/20/2013 Course End Date: 07/25/2013 Miami Learning Center 11410 NW 20 Street Miami, FL 33172 (305) 428-4910 Thursday Evenings – 6 PM to 10 PM June 20, 2013 June 27, 2013 July 11, 2013 July 18, 2013 July 25, 2013 Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered theRead MoreAcct 212 Course Project610 Words   |  3 PagesACCT 212 Course Project Click Link below To Purchase: http://homework-aid.com/ACCT-212-Course-Project-1731.htm?categoryId=-1 This course has two course projects due. The first, Course Project 1, reinforces the basic principles of accounting and application of the accounting information system. It is completed in two parts. The second, Course Project 2, is an opportunity to show the ability to analyze financial statements to arrive at conclusions based upon the analysis. Course Project 1Read MoreCBU Syllabus 2015 MBAC 51031353 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction to Accounting: MBAC 5103 Instructor Information Professor: Derrick Hayes Winter 2015 Office: SB217 Tues Thurs: 1:00 – 2:15 pm Email: derrick_hayes@cbu.ca Phone: 563-1312 Course Website (URL): Textbooks and Readings Required Text: Hayes, Derrick, Introduction to Accounting, Primus, McGraw Hill Prerequisites: NONE CourseRead MoreCma Solutions63195 Words   |  253 PagesEntrance Examination Syllabus Reference Material Copyright 2006 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. Entrance Examination Syllabus Reference Material Introduction The purpose of this reference material is to assist you in reviewing your technical knowledge of selected topics listed in the CMA Entrance Examination Syllabus. The questions illustrate the range

The Medical Code Of Ethics And Behavior Essay - 1237 Words

Since ancient times, the medical profession has been considered as the sufficiently important and relevant element in the public life. Approximately a century ago, somatology was not so widespread and prestigious. However, nowadays, it takes a significant place in the modern medicine. Modern dental assistant is the person who dedicates his knowledge and skills, because the medicine is constantly progressing. Besides skills and knowledge, the ability to find a way to a patient and follow the rules of morality is an inevitable part of this occupation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine contribution which can be done to the work of a dental assistants by describing the medical code of ethics and behavior and on their basis establish the personal contribution to the profession. Medical activity is regarded to be one of the difficult professions. The person who has devoted oneself to medicine, of course, should possess a vocation to it. The desire to help another human being has always been considered as a useful feature of an individual. When these personality traits are becoming a necessity, it can be assumed that a person has the main prerequisites for successful mastery of the medical profession. One of the key requirements of medical ethics is the ability to develop the humane treatment of the patient’s personality and show a high sense of responsibility for their actions. Thus, the dental assistant is required not only to provide an effective medicalShow MoreRelatedMerriem Webster Dictionary Defines Ethics As The Principles915 Words   |  4 PagesMerriem Webster Dictionary defines ethics as the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group; a guiding philosophy (Ethic). Moral concepts governing a groups behavior cannot â€Å"be e xamined and understood apart from their history (MacIntyre, 1). Behavior that is seen as good and bad is depicted in ancient literature and poems. Iliad occurs during the Trojan War, circa 500 BC. Socrates (circa 470/469 – 399 BC) is known as one of the founders of modern philosophy; the Socratic Method isRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Codes are in use today by many organizations to clearly establish their values and provide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (LittletonRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics895 Words   |  4 Pages A code of ethics is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business honestly and with integrity.1Most organization have codes of ethics that its members are required to follow and it lays out the rules and acceptable behavior of its the members on ethics and which actions are acceptable or not acceptable business practices. One industry where professional codes of ethics are important is health care. Most health care workers belong to an accredited organization of their professionRead MoreChapter 1 Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1 Review 1. List three areas where health care practitioners can gain insight through studying law and ethics. The three areas are the rights, responsibilities, and concerns of health care con summers. The legal and ethical issues facing society, patients, and health care practitioners as the world changes. The impact of rising cost on the laws and ethics of healthcare delivery. 2. Define summary judgment. Summary judgment is the legal term for a decision made by court inRead Moreâ€Å"Ethics†¦ are nothing but reverence for life. This is what gives me the fundamental principle of600 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics†¦ are nothing but reverence for life. This is what gives me the fundamental principle of morality, namely, that good consists in maintaining, promoting, and enhancing life, and that destroying, injuring, and limiting life are evil.† This definition of ethics was from the German physician, theologian, and medical missionary Albert Schweitzer who was awarded the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize1. Ethics are the principles that govern the behavior of society. It is a topic of discussion that affects allRead MoreSummary of 1847 Medical Code of Ethics1079 Words   |  5 Pages Summary of the 1847 AMA Code of Ethics Biomedical Ethics Sec. 02 1,056 Words The code of medical ethics was written with the intention of standardizing the expectation for ethical behavior throughout every professional medical setting within the United States. This collection of ethical principles was intended for physician and patient alike, so that there would be a thorough understanding of the expectations of both parties within the medical setting. Rules concerningRead MoreLegal/Ethical Boundaries Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesLegal/Ethical Boundaries of a Medical Assistant AAMA Medical Assistant Code of Ethics The Code of Ethics is a set of principles of moral and ethical conduct as they relate to the medical profession. There are five sections of the Code of Ethics. â€Å"Render services with full respect for the dignity of humanity.† A medical assistant will perform job duties with respect to the patient, life and rights as a human being. Holding the medical assistant to a higher standard, where he/she does not performRead MoreWritten Analysis : Law And Ethics1659 Words   |  7 PagesWritten Analysis – Law and Ethics Since we were kids and became conscious of our surrounding, our parents and grandparents instilled in us an awareness of what is right and wrong. In other words, it is a trait of all human beings and fosters from our desire to get along with each other to live a harmonious life. Laws are a set of rules and behaviors set by governments that society illustrate on what people can or cannot do. The purpose of this paper is three-fold: it will identify and define whatRead MoreAHIMA and APPCA1029 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation) and APPC(American Academy of Professional Coders) code of ethics are and the relevance that these two have to the coding profession. Then I’m going to explain how AHIMA and APPC code of ethics are incorporated into the Medical Insurance Specialist (MIS) field, and why continuing your education is important in this field. Hopefully after reading this paper you will have learned the difference between AHIMA and APPC codes of ethics. American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) was foundedRead MoreThe Physician-Patient Relationship1286 Words   |  6 Pages The Hippocratic Oath prohibits such relationships. The Oath is deeply rooted in first do no harm. By violating beyond the boundaries in a patient-physician relationship it cause harm to the patient. Boundaries: The limits of appropriate behavior by a professional toward his/her client. Transference: Of which a patient is usually unaware and/lacking insight into its significance. Undue Influence: A judicially created defense to transactions that have been imposed upon weak and vulnerable

The Caretaker by Pinter A Play Can Be Confrontati Essay Example For Students

The Caretaker by Pinter: A Play Can Be Confrontati Essay onal, Challenging andDisturbing to the Values and Assumptions of An Audience. Discuss With closeReferenceThe Caretaker, written by the British playwright Harold Pinter in the late1950s and early 1960s disrupts the audiences perceptions of existence andtheir understandings of it. The play deconstructs perceived notions andconceptions of reality, and disturbs the audiences perception of their ownidentity and place within a world which is primarily concerned with the searchand need for identity. Pinter was clearly influenced by the fashionablephilosophic review of human condition that was prominent in the 1950s and1960s existentialism. The play attacks the notion that there are no absolutetruths or realities. Pinter is therefore concerned with what exists as unknownand intangible to humanity. His theatre interrogates the truth of nature andrealities of language and demonstrates that much of what the audience regards asfact is fiction as he explores the uncertainty of human existence. When an audience of the 1960s went to the theatre, it can generally be assumedthat they had preconceived ideas about what they expected and what they aregoing to gain from the theatrical experience. The traditional attitudes towardstheatre and the conventions of realist drama are disrupted by Pinter. Thisconfronts the assumptions and values of the audience, an experience which wouldbe disconcerting and frightening to many. Pinter divorces and exposes societys codes, institutions and human relations. Throughout the play the audience is rarely comfortable. This disruption isestablished from the outset of the play when Mick, a character who at this stageof the play the audience knows nothing about, sits on the bed and stares at theaudience in silence for 30 seconds. Traditionally in realist drama such asHenrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler characters use simple exposition through languageand non-verbal elements to let the audience in and enlighten them on what ishappening on the stage and the results and reasons for and behind actions. Pinter disrupts this tradition and this in itself would have been a disturbingphenomena to the conservative audiences of post-war Britain. Micks arrival onstage generates unease within the audience and the tension would only increaseas Pinter provides the audience with no explanation for him being there. Mickleaves the stage in a state of maintained silence, hence the first imagespresented in the play confront many of the assumptions of a traditionaltheatrical experience. Mick is alone in the room, sitting on the bed. He wears a leather jacket Heslowly looks about the room, looking at each object in turn. He looks up at theceiling, and stares at the bucket Silence for thirty seconds. Mick turns hishead. He stands, moves silently to the door, goes out, and closes the doorquietly. It is not until the Act two that this character becomes known to the audience asMick. This deferral of information is quite confrontational as it opposesaccepted and naturalised preconceptions of power and right. Micks position onthe bed and his costuming wearing a leather jacket places him in thetraditionally accepted position of power. However this idea is problematisedwhen Mick leaves the room and Aston enters with the key, thus demonstrating theillusory and ambiguous nature of power. Mick not re-entering until later in theplay confronts traditional notion that as he was introduced first, he is in aposition of power. The opening scene defamiliarises the Audience withtraditional notions of power and establishes a precedent for the remainder ofthe play. Pinter does not adhere to the accepted use of dramatic conventions. There is notraditional relation of character histories within the opening scenes and lackof revelation is maintained throughout the play as relatively little is exposedabout the characters backgrounds. This makes events within the room conditionalphenomena, which are dependent on the individuals involved and what the audienceis able to interpret. Reservoir Dogs EssayThe constant silences and pauses within characters conversation makes clear thesub-text of all human interaction. Pinter himself said that one way of lookingat speech is to say it is a constant stratagem to cover silence this view andthe presentation of this view within the play would be very disturbing to anaudience, as it disrupts the traditional notions that language, the basis of allhuman interaction is one-layered and can be defined, classified and understood. The speech patterns of characters within The Caretaker helps to present theexistential viewpoint of problems of identity and classification. Daviesfrequent rhetorical questions pose the key existential questions of theuncertainty of existence. The character of Mick does not subscribe to societysconventional codes. His verbal gymnastics and the punctuation of verbalinterrogation with polite social conversation decontextualises ordinaryconversation. After attacking Davies, Mick says;MICK: You sleep here last night?DAVIES: YesMICK: Sleep Well?DAVIES: Yes. MICK: Im awfully glad. Its awfully nice to meet you. Pinter uses language as a shield, to mask truths and present perceived realitiesand to evade or disclose revelation. Traditionally language was not used in suchways and the deviation from the traditional and conservative by Pinter createsthe need within the audience to reassess and reposition themselves in terms ofthe language that they use and the meanings it does or can possibly generate. Action is frequently deferred within the play, and at the end of The Caretakerthere is no resolution or revelation and instead the audience is left withlimited insight and knowledge. Instead existence has been problematised, leavingmany of the audience disturbed and unsure of their own identity and thestructure of society. This deferral of action is primarily indicated by Daviesand Aston. The prime example of this is in Davies constant references to hisplanned trip to Sidcup and in Astons references to the shed that he is planningto build. Through the representation of these possible future activities, itappears that it gives purpose to their current actions and to some extent areason for living. It allows these characters to suggest that they are in factworthwhile human beings with a purpose and a life. Pinter suggests throughthis deferral of actions that peoples lives hold no worthwhile meaning andultimately there is nothing gained at the point of death. The Caretaker is a subversive play that demythologises many of an audiencesassumptions and values. Pinter makes the audience experience paranoia andfeelings of menace and by disrupting conventions of social behaviour andignoring traditional dramatic realist protocol, Pinter confronts andchallenges the values and assumptions of an audience. He successfullydeconstructs notions of power and security, and problematises the conservativebelief that there are in fact absolute truths and realities. Category: English

Unethical Behavior free essay sample

Ethics in business has been asserted to be the most important problem facing American companies today. The issue of unethical behavior has recently become the focus of media attention in wake of scandals in companies such as Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco International. (Chen and Tang, 2006). The organization is one of the biggest influences on ethics in the work place. Organizations do affect ethical behaviors. One of the main sources that affect behavior in organizations is the commitment of management to ethical practices and behavior. Such commitment can be communicated in a code of conduct or code of ethics document. . A code of ethics is a formal statement of values and ethical standards. The code of conduct document explicitly defines ethical and unethical behavior and therefore identifies the consequences of unethical practices. (Schemer horn, 2008, p. 42). Attitude Personal mindset According to Fritzsche, 2005, peers influence on ethical behavior. They are easily influenced to do what is done by their colleagues. We will write a custom essay sample on Unethical Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most theorists consider that the key responsibility of an embedded power group is to challenge the assumptions which comprise the groups own mindset. According to these commentators, power groups which fail to review or revise their mindsets with sufficient regularity cannot hold power indefinitely, as a single mindset is unlikely to possess the flexibility and adaptability needed to address all future events. Time theft According to Chen and Tang, 2006 Unethical behavior by employees includes things such as wasting company time, using company supplies for personal use, property theft, failing to whistle blow, illegitimately exchanging company resources for personal gain, and deceiving customers or clients. The prevalence of ethical misconduct in the workplace, there is a paucity of empirical research examining the antecedents of these behaviors. According to Christine A. Henle, Charlie L. Reeve and Virgina E. Pihs, 2010, stealing time at work, attitudes, social, pressure and perceived control as time theft. Time theft a common and costly from of ethical misconduct at work. Examples of time theft by employees is arriving late, leaving earlier from work schedule, taking additional or longer breaks than acceptable and on the job day-dreaming. It can impact on individuals in workplace who commit time theft such as less productive and may results in strained relationships with their supervisor and coworkers. Theft According to Jenna M Aker, 2009, Theft in the workplace is more common than you might realize and people are not talking about stolen lunches. Cash, computers, and even identities could be snatched from right under your nose and the results can be devastating. Common items stolen in an office environment include items of value, like iPods, PDAS, and laptops; items of convenience, like pens, envelopes, CD-Rs, and other Grapevine According to Diane Kuban, Kendra Coleman and Michael Baber, 2006, Unethical behavior conduct in office organization based on attitude is grapevine. Grapevine is known as  the informal transmission of information, gossip, or rumor from person to person or usually unrevealed source of confidential information and did not give any benefit to the company. But grapevine hold the strength to control office worker in the nature of power communication manager tend to compromise with person which have control over the grapevine because this person seems to be close with the other employees. Office gossip is often used by an individual to place them at a point where they can control the flow of information and therefore gain maximum advantage. Behavior of others According to Nancy K. Keith, 2009, unethical behavior is influence by behavior of other. It is about observing other behavior can cause unethical behavior because workers tend to emulate the action of other employee such as their manager. For example if their manager comes late to the work their subordinate may be influence to follow their manager behavior. Behavior in the workplace According to I. M Jawahar, Jennifer L. Kisamore and Thomas H. Stone, 2009, the researcher said that influence of unethical behavior conduct in organization is behavior in the work place such as cheating, absenteeism, and plagiarism. The employees always cheating for their own benefit and make the company lose with their behavior. TPB (the theory of planned behavior and academic) based on three like attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms (influence behavior of others) and perceived behavior control-prediction of a variety of human behaviors. TPB studies, measures attitude and belief about cheating and plagiarism is unethical behavior. Students consistently overestimated the likelihood that after students engaged in various academic misconduct behaviors compared with the frequencies students engaged in same behaviors. Personal background According to Betty J Brown, George A. Mundake and Melody W. Alexander, 2009 that personal background may influence unethical behavior conduct in organization. Personal ethical beliefs that have an impact on individuals behavior and decision making, setting with their beliefs shaped by past experience. Female have higher degree of ethical sophistication in recognizing the nuances of moral issues presented to them. Observation behavioral and perceive behaviors as acceptable or unacceptable according to their personal beliefs. Various researchers have defined ethics â€Å"Balachandran† as a code of rules, a set of principles one lives by or the study what is right or wrong. Job Dissatisfaction Distributive Justice According to Anne P. Hubbell and Rebecca M. Chory, 2005, organizational justice refers to perceptions of the fairness of workplace outcomes or a process has also been studied in relation to trust and is often considered an antecedent to trust. Research on trust in organizations show that it facilitates relationships, cooperation between individuals and organizations, organizational commitment and employees motivation to innovate. Focuses on employees attempts to alter inputs and to react towards the distributor of the outcome by altering their level of trust. Decreasing one’s trust also indicates dissatisfaction with the given relationship so that it better matches the perceived under rewards, benefits he/she received. Procedural justice is an individual’s perception of the fairness of the process components of the systems that regulates the distribution of resources. Individuals evaluate their relationships in terms of the contribution/inputs they make and the benefits/outcomes they receive and by comparing this ratio to the corresponding ratio of a comparison person or standard. According to Paulsen Et Al 2005, found that personal control is positively related to job satisfaction because can remaining threatening events in which gives rise to a sense of mustang and self-efficiency. According to Elovainio 2005, found that work time control has negatively related to sickness absence. Time control is positively related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Three basic components of organizational justice distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional. Distributive justice is fairness of the rewards and outcomes received and justice is perceived it rewards are proportioned to input. When high distributive justice is perceived there is a sense that first inputs determine one’s outcomes suca as salary increases and promotion-provides clarity to employees with regard to the outcome that they are likely to get and reduces the worry and uncertainty associated with exploitation and wastage of effort. Interactional justice is the fairness of the interpersonal threatens received. According to Claaessens, Eerde, Rude and Roe 2006, Role of supervisors in employees perceived time control is very important. Time control as primary dimension of job control Environment According to Nancy K. Keith, 2009, Unethical behavior conduct in office organization based on job dissatisfaction is environment. The researcher said after the employee being exposed to the ethical rule of the company, male worker tend to go and bend the rules but the female employees act nicely and follow the rules. Environments factors may affect unethical behavior conduct in office organizations through employees. Employers must provide good environment for their employees where their work is comfortable and conducive to the employees working in comfort to avoid unethical behavior. Performance Appraisal According to Anne P. Hubble and Rebecca M. Chory 2005, performance appraisal evaluation context seemed an appropriate one in which to conduct the present concerns about justice manifest themselves here and because they have become increasingly important in today’s organizational environment. Performance evaluation can operate as outcomes in and of themselves or a step through which administrative decision. According to T. T Selvarajan and Ron saddesai, 2010, Performance appraisal and schematic processing is people categorized other based on extend to which individual match the prototypical characteristics of a category and once people are categorized further information about others. Perceived Behavior Control According to Breda Sweeney, Don Arnold and Bernard pierce, 2010. The researchers said that influence unethical behavior in organization is perceived behavior control is to determined by control beliefs and based on previous experience, perceptions of obstacles and opportunities that could potentially affect performance of the behavior. Experience at work also influence in the job dissatisfaction. For example is an adaptor to the social environment in the work place included perceptions of injustice and based on personality characteristics. Organizational Politics According to Kirchmeyer 2005, career mentoring was related to higher levels of job satisfaction. Recent research on mentoring indicates that it associated with higher levels of career successes. It is likely that individuals who believe that they are supported by their supervisors and that they are successful in their work experience higher levels of job satisfaction. Create an open environment. Office politics are often fueled by insecurity, so try to keep employees well informed of internal news. Avoid closed-door meetings when possible as they can give rise to speculations so they can need open environment. Seek Integrity Just one unethical or dishonest worker can generate significant tension. During the hiring process, ask prospective employees references about the applicants ethics and honesty and at every opportunity emphasize to your staff the strong value workplace on these traits. According to George N. Gotsis and Zoe Kortezi 2010, Organizational politics also influence in job dissatisfaction is multi fact analytical construct often viewed and construct under very different ways. Organizations politics occur a desire to gain control over first environment and address organizational exigencies in look of organizational support and codified procedures. Politics is a perceived a form of anti social behavior other different aspects (blaming others and creating maintenance a favorable image through impression management, develop coalitions with powerful an influential person. According to Vigoda gadot and Dryzin Amit, 2010, Employees may view organizational politics as an indication of managerial leadership and malfunctioning and political behavior is supposed to damage or distort social interactions insofar as employees maybe hesitant in helping or supporting co-workers, fearing that voluntary activities of this type politically charge covert aggression is working showdowns that prevent the target from completing tasks, failing to warn target of impending danger, failing to transmit information needed by the target. According to anonymous organizational politics  is the use of ones individual or assigned  power  within an employing organization for the purpose of obtaining advantages beyond ones legitimate authority. Those advantages may include access to tangible assets, or intangible benefits such as  status  or pseudo-authority that influences the behavior of others. Both individuals and groups may engage in Office Politics.    Office politics also refers to the way co-workers act among each other. It can be either positive or negative. At the root of office politics is the issue of  manipulation  which can happen in any relationship where one or more of the parties involved use indirect means to achieve their goals. In the workplace, individuals have an incentive to achieve their goals at the expense of their colleagues, where resources are limited. Office politics has also been described as simply how power gets worked out on a practical, day-to-day basis. Office politics differs from office gossip in that people participating in office politics do so with the objective of gaining advantage, whereas gossip can be a purely social activity.